CSF1R inhibition with PLX5622 affects multiple immune cell compartments and induces tissue-specific metabolic effects in lean mice.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:37792013", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:5998757fce36698128a7363acab1fb94dae686f9c535f6990d89a8399a358cb9", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:02:38Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:52:50Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "CSF1R inhibition with PLX5622 affects multiple immune cell compartments and induces tissue-specific metabolic effects in lean mice.", "doi": "10.1007/s00125-023-06007-1", "pmid": "37792013", "authors": ["Angela J T Bosch", "Lena Keller", "Laura Steiger", "Theresa V Rohm", "Sophia J Wiedemann", "Andy J Y Low", "Marc Stawiski", "Leila Rachid", "Julien Roux", "Daniel Konrad", "Stephan Wueest", "Sonia Tugues", "Melanie Greter", "Marianne Böni-Schnetzler", "Daniel T Meier", "Claudia Cavelti-Weder"], "journal": "Diabetologia", "year": 2023, "abstract": "AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) promotes the proliferation, differentiation and survival of macrophages, which have been implicated in both beneficial and detrimental effects on glucose metabolism. However, the physiological role of CSF1 signalling in glucose homeostasis and the potential therapeutic implications of modulating this pathway are not known. We aimed to study the composition of tissue macrophages (and other immune cells) following CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibition and elucidate the metabolic consequences of CSF1R inhibition.\nMETHODS: We assessed immune cell populations in various organs by flow cytometry, and tissue-specific metabolic effects by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps and insulin secretion assays in mice fed a chow diet containing PLX5622 (a CSF1R inhibitor) or a control diet.\nRESULTS: CSF1R inhibition depleted macrophages in multiple tissues while simultaneously increasing eosinophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. These immunological changes were consistent across different organs and were sex independent and reversible after cessation of the PLX5622. CSF1R inhibition improved hepatic insulin sensitivity but concomitantly impaired insulin secretion. In healthy islets, we found a high frequency of IL-1β+ islet macrophages. Their depletion by CSF1R inhibition led to downregulation of macrophage-related pathways and mediators of cytokine activity, including Nlrp3, suggesting IL-1β as a candidate insulin secretagogue. Partial restoration of physiological insulin secretion was achieved by injecting recombinant IL-1β prior to glucose stimulation in mice lacking macrophages.\nCONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Macrophages and macrophage-derived factors, such as IL-1β, play an important role in physiological insulin secretion. A better understanding of the tissue-specific effects of CSF1R inhibition on immune cells and glucose homeostasis is crucial for the development of targeted immune-modulatory treatments in metabolic disease.\nDATA AVAILABILITY: The RNA-Seq dataset is available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under the accession number GSE189434 ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE189434 ).", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The unpaired Mann–Whitney U test or two-way ANOVA was used to test statistical differences (GraphPad Prism, USA).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37792013", "locator": "sections[14] \"Quantification and statistical analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The unpaired Mann–Whitney U test or two-way ANOVA was used to test statistical differences (GraphPad Prism, USA)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The RNA-Seq dataset is available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under the accession number GSE189434 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE189434).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37792013", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 5", "quote": "The RNA-Seq dataset is available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under the accession number GSE189434 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE189434)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "CSF1R inhibition improved hepatic insulin sensitivity but concomitantly impaired insulin secretion.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37792013", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "CSF1R inhibition improved hepatic insulin sensitivity but concomitantly impaired insulin secretion."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "CSF1R inhibition improved hepatic insulin sensitivity but concomitantly impaired insulin secretion.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:37792013"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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