Exploring the Potential of Olfactory Receptor Circulating RNA Measurement for Preeclampsia Prediction and Its Linkage to Mild Gestational Hypothyroidism.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:38069004", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:1ed595482a59c3443ccfe658430ca6149836c36d9c3e3cf380927fa2ea1252f6", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:03:00Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:53:15Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Exploring the Potential of Olfactory Receptor Circulating RNA Measurement for Preeclampsia Prediction and Its Linkage to Mild Gestational Hypothyroidism.", "doi": "10.3390/ijms242316681", "pmid": "38069004", "authors": ["Andréa Harumy de Lima Hirata", "Luiz Antônio de Jesus Rocha Camargo", "Valdelena Alessandra da Silva", "Robson José de Almeida", "Lucas Dos Santos Bacigalupo", "Maria Clara Albejante", "Flavia Salomão d'Avila Curi", "Patrícia Varela", "Leonardo Martins", "João Bosco Pesquero", "Humberto Delle", "Cleber P Camacho"], "journal": "International journal of molecular sciences", "year": 2023, "abstract": "Gestational hypothyroidism may lead to preeclampsia development. However, this pathophysiological is unknown. We expect to find a shared mechanism by comparing hypothyroidism and preeclampsia. From our transcriptome data, we recognized olfactory receptors as that fingerprint. The reduction of taste and smell in hypothyroid patients has been known for a long time. Therefore, we decided to look to the olfactory receptors and aimed to identify genes capable of predicting preeclampsia (PEC). Methods: An Ion Proton Sequencer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to construct the transcriptome databases. RStudio with packages Limma v.3.50.0, GEOquery v.2.62.2, and umap v.0.2.8.8 were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes in GSE149440 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The 7500 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) was used for RT-qPCR amplification of OR6X1 and OR4E2. Results: Our transcriptomic datasets analysis revealed 25.08% and 26.75% downregulated olfactory receptor (ORs) in mild nontreated gestational hypothyroidism (GHT) and PEC, respectively. In the GSE149440 GEO dataset, we found OR5H1, OR5T3, OR51A7, OR51B6, OR10J5, OR6C6, and OR2AG2 as predictors of early-onset PEC. We also evaluate two chosen biomarkers' responses to levothyroxine. The RT-qPCR demonstrated a difference in OR6X1 and OR4E2 expression between GHT and healthy pregnancy (p < 0.05). Those genes presented a negative correlation with TSH (r: -0.51, p < 0.05; and r: -0.44, p < 0.05), a strong positive correlation with each other (r: 0.89; p < 0.01) and the levothyroxine-treated group had no difference from the healthy one. We conclude that ORs could be used as biomarkers at the beginning of gestation, and the downregulated ORs found in GHT may be improved with levothyroxine treatment.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Cox regression was used to calculate the Hazard Ratio. The Kaplan–Meier method was used with the log-rank test for the preeclampsia onset analysis.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38069004", "locator": "sections[18] \"4.8.2. Statistical Analysis\" paragraph 3", "quote": "Cox regression was used to calculate the Hazard Ratio. The Kaplan–Meier method was used with the log-rank test for the preeclampsia onset analysis."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Data available on request due to restrictions eg privacy or ethical. The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to the unfinished project involving these data.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38069004", "locator": "sections[25] \"notes\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Data available on request due to restrictions eg privacy or ethical. The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to the unfinished project involving these data."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Our transcriptomic datasets analysis revealed 25.08% and 26.75% downregulated olfactory receptor (ORs) in mild nontreated gestational hypothyroidism (GHT) and PEC, respectively.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38069004", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Our transcriptomic datasets analysis revealed 25.08% and 26.75% downregulated olfactory receptor (ORs) in mild nontreated gestational hypothyroidism (GHT) and PEC, respectively."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Our transcriptomic datasets analysis revealed 25.08% and 26.75% downregulated olfactory receptor (ORs) in mild nontreated gestational hypothyroidism (GHT) and PEC, respectively.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:38069004"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE147527"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE147527"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:38069004", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316681", "sha256": "sha256:b038f8ea422469d9e80101f8979fd5848c5529c2a328a44658aecbe3d68abeb5", "bytes": 32813, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.3390/ijms242316681", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC10706743", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body_without_references", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE147527", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE147527", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE147527", "version": null, "note": "Data available on request due to restrictions eg privacy or ethical. 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