LINC01936 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of lung squamous cell carcinoma probably by EMT signaling and immune infiltration.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:38084139", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:42c833003f54824fd119e3bf79db67fdc9bdfa92eacfbfff3e33eb37379e50c4", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:03:01Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:10:51Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "LINC01936 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of lung squamous cell carcinoma probably by EMT signaling and immune infiltration.", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.16447", "pmid": "38084139", "authors": ["Qinqin Tian", "Xiyao Liu", "Ang Li", "Hongjiao Wu", "Yuning Xie", "Hongmei Zhang", "Fengjun Wu", "Yating Chen", "Congcong Bai", "Xuemei Zhang"], "journal": "PeerJ", "year": 2023, "abstract": "Purpose: To discover the biological function and potential mechanism of LINC01936 in the development of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC).\nMethods: Transcriptome data of LUSC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were used to analyze the differentially expressed lncRNAs in LUSC and normal tissues by R \"DEseq2\", \"edgeR\" and \"limma\" packages. The subcellular localization of LINC01936 was predicted by lncLocator. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8, MTT assay and Hoechst fluorescence staining. The migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay. The function and pathway enrichment analysis were performed by Gene Ontology (GO) terms, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and gene set variation analysis (GSVA). The downstream targets of LINC01936 were predicted using RNA-Protein Interaction Prediction (RPISeq) program. The effect of LINC01936 on tumor immune infiltration was analyzed using Pearson Correlation Analysis using R \"ggpubr\" package.\nResults: Based on the gene expression data of LUSC from TCGA database, 1,603, 1,702 and 529 upregulated and 536, 436 and 630 downregulated lncRNAs were obtained by DEseq2, edgeR and limma programs, respectively. For GSE88862 dataset, we acquired 341 differentially expressed lncRNAs (206 upregulated and 135 downregulated). Venn plot for the intersection of above differential expressed lncRNAs showed that there were 29 upregulated and 23 downregulated genes. LINC01936 was one of downregulated lncRNAs in LUSC tissues. The biological analysis showed that the overexpression of LINC01936 significantly reduced proliferation, migration and invasion of LUSC cells, and promoted cell apoptosis. The knockdown of LINC01936 promoted cell proliferation and metastasis. Pathway and GSVA analysis indicated that LINC01936 might participated in DNA repair, complement, cell adhesion and EMT, etc. LINC01936 was predicted to interact with TCF21, AOC3, RASL12, MEOX2 or HSPB7, which are involved in EMT and PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway, etc. The expression of LINC01936 was also positively correlated with the infiltrating immune cells in LUSC.\nConclusions: LINC01936 is downregulated in LUSC. LINC01936 affected proliferation, migration and invasion of LUSC cells probably by EMT and immune infiltration, which might serve as a new target for the treatment of LUSC.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The difference in the expression of LINC01936 between the tumor and normal groups was analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38084139", "locator": "sections[15] \"Statistical analyses\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The difference in the expression of LINC01936 between the tumor and normal groups was analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The raw measurements are available in the Supplemental Files.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38084139", "locator": "sections[27] \"Additional Information and Declarations\" paragraph 4", "quote": "The raw measurements are available in the Supplemental Files."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The intersection analysis revealed 52 co-differentially expressed lncRNAs, including 29 upregulated and 23 downregulated lncRNAs, with LINC01936 among the top four downregulated lncRNAs.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38084139", "locator": "sections[17] \"Identification of differentially expressed lncRNAs in LUSC\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The intersection analysis of the two datasets revealed 52 co-differentially expressed lncRNAs, with 29 upregulated and 23 downregulated (Figs. 2E and 2F)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:38084139", "locator": "sections[17] \"Identification of differentially expressed lncRNAs in LUSC\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Among these differentially expressed genes, the top four down-regulated lncRNAs were SMIM25, FENDRR, SFTA1P, and LINC01936 (Table 2) and the top four up-regulated ones were LINC01133, CASC9, SOX21-AS1, and ESRG (Table 3)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": "The intersection analysis revealed 52 co-differentially expressed lncRNAs, including 29 upregulated and 23 downregulated lncRNAs, with LINC01936 among the top four downregulated lncRNAs.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:38084139"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8, MTT assay and Hoechs", "nd invasion of LUSC cells, and promoted cell apoptosis. The knockdown of LINC01936 promoted cell pr", "proliferation and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8, MTT assay and Hoechst fluorescence staining", "ration and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8, MTT assay and Hoechst fluorescence staining. The"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:571", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "transfection", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.85, "evidence": ["LUSC cells, and promoted cell apoptosis. 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