Novel diagnostic biomarkers of oxidative stress, ferroptosis, immune infiltration characteristics and experimental validation in ischemic stroke.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:38198162", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:de03120fb06f8698c36610edf742137c671acecbccbca226cc36a926c4cc4d8b", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:20:07Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:53:25Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Novel diagnostic biomarkers of oxidative stress, ferroptosis, immune infiltration characteristics and experimental validation in ischemic stroke.", "doi": "10.18632/aging.205415", "pmid": "38198162", "authors": ["Kaisheng Yuan", "Xiao Jin", "Xiaocong Mo", "Ruiqi Zeng", "Xu Zhang", "Qiufang Chen", "Ling Jin"], "journal": "Aging", "year": 2024, "abstract": "Ischemic stroke (IS) is a prominent type of cerebrovascular disease leading to death and disability in an aging society and is closely related to oxidative stress. Gene expression profiling (GSE222551) was derived from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and 1934 oxidative stress (OS) genes were obtained from the GeneCards database. Subsequently, we identified 149 differentially expressed genes related to OS (DEOSGs). Finally, PTGS2, FOS, and RYR1 were identified as diagnostic markers of IS. Moreover, GSE16561 was used to validate the DEOSGs. Two diagnostic genes (PTGS2 and FOS) were significantly highly expressed, while RYR1 was significantly lowly expressed in the IS group. Remarkably, immune infiltration characteristics of these three genes were analyzed, and we found that PTGS2, FOS, and RYR1 were mainly correlated with Mast cells activated, Neutrophils, and Plasma cells, respectively. Next, we intersected three DEOSGs with the ferroptosis gene set, the findings revealed that only PTGS2 was a differentially expressed gene of ferroptosis. High PTGS2 expression levels in the infarcted cortex of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats were confirmed by immunofluorescence (IF), western blotting (WB), and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Inhibition of PTGS2 clearly improved the neurological outcome of rats by decreasing infarct volume, neurological problems, and modified neurological severity scores following IS compared with the controls. The protective effect of silencing PTGS2 may be related to anti-oxidative stress and ferroptosis. In conclusion, this work may provide a new perspective for the research of IS, and further research based on PTGS2 may be a breakthrough.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The analysis of differentially expressed genes was executed by the “limma” package with the criteria of the adjusted P-value <0.05.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38198162", "locator": "sections[3] \"Data collection and processing\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The analysis of differentially expressed genes was executed by the “limma” package with the criteria of the adjusted P-value <0.05."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The datasets were downloaded from the GEO (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) in this study.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38198162", "locator": "sections[19] \"Data availability statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The datasets were downloaded from the GEO (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) in this study."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Using limma analysis of GSE22255, the study identified 1,766 differentially expressed genes and 149 differentially expressed oxidative-stress genes.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38198162", "locator": "sections[21] \"Identification of DEGs and DEOSGs\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DGEs) (GSE22255) was performed by the “limma” package. A total of 1766 DEGs were obtained."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:38198162", "locator": "sections[21] \"Identification of DEGs and DEOSGs\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Among the DEGs and OS genes, there were 149 overlapping items between DEGs and OS genes (Figure 2C). Here, we selected the 149 DEOSGs overlapping for subsequent researches."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Using limma analysis of GSE22255, the study identified 1,766 differentially expressed genes and 149 differentially expressed oxidative-stress genes.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:38198162"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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