Dysregulation of iron transport-related biomarkers in blood leukocytes is associated with poor prognosis of early trauma.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:38463887", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:c70649ad6653620f0374c12f1f6275b25b4ce247dbf416a8956236a362961263", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:20:24Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:11:24Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Dysregulation of iron transport-related biomarkers in blood leukocytes is associated with poor prognosis of early trauma.", "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27000", "pmid": "38463887", "authors": ["Zhusheng Feng", "Yingnan Fan", "Xiaofei Shi", "Xu Luo", "Jiangang Xie", "Shanshou Liu", "Chujun Duan", "Qianmei Wang", "Yuqin Ye", "Wen Yin"], "journal": "Heliyon", "year": 2024, "abstract": "Objective: The early targeted and effective diagnosis and treatment of severe trauma are crucial for patients' outcomes. Blood leukocytes act as significant effectors during the initial inflammation and activation of innate immunity in trauma. This study aims to identify hub genes related to patients' prognosis in blood leukocytes at the early stages of trauma.\nMethods: The expression profiles of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Series (GSE) 36809 and GSE11375 were downloaded from the GEO database. R software, GraphPad Prism 9.3.1 software, STRING database, and Cytoscape software were used to process the data and identify hub genes in blood leukocytes of early trauma.\nResults: Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of blood leukocytes at the early stages of trauma (0-4 h, 4-8 h, and 8-12 h) were mainly involved in neutrophil activation and neutrophil degranulation, neutrophil activation involved in immune response, neutrophil mediated immunity, lymphocyte differentiation, and cell killing. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in Osteoclast differentiation and Hematopoietic cell lineage. Sixty-six down-regulated DEGs and 148 up-regulated DEGs were identified and 37 hub genes were confirmed by Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) of Cytoscape. Among the hub genes, Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), Lactotransferrin (LTF), Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4), Resistin (RETN), and Transcobalamin 1 (TCN1) were related to prognosis and connected with iron transport closely. LCN2 and LTF were involved in iron transport and had a moderate predictive value for the poor prognosis of trauma patients, and the AUC of LCN2 and LTF was 0.7777 and 0.7843, respectively.\nConclusion: As iron transport-related hub genes in blood leukocytes, LCN2 and LTF can be used for prognostic prediction of early trauma.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "We evaluated the predictive value of LCN2 and LTF for the poor prognosis of trauma patients in GSE11375 using the ROC analysis.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38463887", "locator": "sections[15] \"Identification of iron transport-related hub genes\" paragraph 2", "quote": "We evaluated the predictive value of LCN2 and LTF for the poor prognosis of trauma patients in GSE11375 using the ROC analysis."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38463887", "locator": "sections[20] \"Data availability\" paragraph 2", "quote": "All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "LCN2 and LTF were involved in iron transport and had a moderate predictive value for the poor prognosis of trauma patients, and the AUC of LCN2 and LTF was 0.7777 and 0.7843, respectively.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38463887", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "LCN2 and LTF were involved in iron transport and had a moderate predictive value for the poor prognosis of trauma patients, and the AUC of LCN2 and LTF was 0.7777 and 0.7843, respectively."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "LCN2 and LTF were involved in iron transport and had a moderate predictive value for the poor prognosis of trauma patients, and the AUC of LCN2 and LTF was 0.7777 and 0.7843, respectively.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:38463887"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE11375"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE11375"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:38463887", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27000", "sha256": 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