Identifying the Crucial Biomarker of MASH-Related HCC.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:38726780", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:969a49d05b108dc7d9462f15cb3a228eb01c00c403b6a48ff0b90a70fa97ea8c", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:20:41Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:33:05Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identifying the Crucial Biomarker of MASH-Related HCC.", "doi": "10.2174/0113862073287250240424073108", "pmid": "38726780", "authors": ["Haiyang Zhou", "Yinjie Zhang", "Yuhang Shen", "Shuai Chen", "Zhen Yang", "Zhihuai Wang", "Xihu Qin", "Chunfu Zhu"], "journal": "Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening", "year": 2025, "abstract": "OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the key oncogenic factor of metabolicassociated steatohepatitis (MASH) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).\nMETHODS: We utilized four differential GEO datasets (GSE164760, GSE139602, GSE197112, and GSE49541) to identify the key oncogenic factor for MASH-related HCC. The differential genes were analyzed using the GEO2R algorithm online. The GEPIA online website was used to explore the expression of selected four genes (SPP1, GNMT, CLDN11, and THBS2). The genetic alterations in genes were estimated by the cBioPortal website. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter online database was applied to explore the prognostic value of SPP1. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were carried out to further confirm the prognostic value of SPP1. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis exported associated pathways with SPP1 expression. The positively or negatively related immune cells and immune checkpoint expressions were identified through Pearson correlation analysis. The lipogenesis-associated proteins were detected using western blotting and fluorescence. The high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model was constructed, and liver samples were collected.\nRESULTS: SPP1, GNMT, CLDN11, and THBS2 were determined in the transformation process of MASH to liver fibrosis. SPP1 and GNMT were upregulated in the HCC tumor tissue. SPP1, in particular, had the potential to be the prognostic factor through Cox analysis. Remarkably, SPP1 was highly expressed in HCC compared to normal tissues in three independent datasets (GSE121248, GSE14520, and GSE45267). SPP1 is mainly involved in the amplification and deep deletion mutations. SPP1 was found to be strongly correlated with ANXA2 expression, and ANXA2 was also highly expressed in HCC with significant prognostic performance. Moreover, SPP1 was found to participate in the carcinogenic mechanism and correlate with immune cells and immune checkpoint expression. SPP1 knockdown suppressed the SREBP1 and FASN expressions and increased the SIRT1 expression in vitro. Moreover, the HFD model validated the upregulation of SPP1 in the fatty liver in vivo.\nCONCLUSION: SPP1 may be the key oncogenic factor for the transformation of MASH to HCC, and it could be a potential immunotherapeutic target in HCC.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were carried out to further confirm the prognostic value of SPP1.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38726780", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were carried out to further confirm the prognostic value of SPP1."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The data used in the part of bioinformatics analysis in this manuscript were taken from online databases. All the clinical samples were obtained from the Jiangsu Kebiao Medical Technology Group Co., LTD, with permission from the ethics council of Jiangsu Kebiao Medical Technology Group Co., LTD.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38726780", "locator": "sections[28] \"AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The data used in the part of bioinformatics analysis in this manuscript were taken from online databases. All the clinical samples were obtained from the Jiangsu Kebiao Medical Technology Group Co., LTD, with permission from the ethics council of Jiangsu Kebiao Medical Technology Group Co., LTD."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "SPP1 was the only gene with the potential independent prognostic value for HCC patients.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38726780", "locator": "sections[14] \"SPP1 Functions as the Key Oncogenic Gene with Prognostic Value\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Univariate Cox analysis results showed that SPP1 and GNMT could be the prognostic factor in HCC, and multivariate Cox analysis results suggested that SPP1 is the only gene with the potential independent prognostic value for HCC patients (Fig. 2E)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "SPP1 was the only gene with the potential independent prognostic value for HCC patients.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:38726780"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE121248"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE121248"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:38726780", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.2174/0113862073287250240424073108", "sha256": "sha256:dea182109314ffb1decf6700373af15b403a9e7986c78081719ae2e20c161e1c", "bytes": 34451, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.2174/0113862073287250240424073108", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC12376122", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE121248", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE121248", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE121248", "version": null, "note": "The data used in the part of bioinformatics analysis in this manuscript were taken from online databases. 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