Reduced Tolerogenic Program Death-Ligand 1-Expressing Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells Are Associated with Rapid Decline in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:38786101", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:d283c57f1d0d94cecad9d87f4efa717a6ccebde9b18a7537d5f2bde4f7063449", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:20:44Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:11:55Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Reduced Tolerogenic Program Death-Ligand 1-Expressing Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells Are Associated with Rapid Decline in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.", "doi": "10.3390/cells13100878", "pmid": "38786101", "authors": ["Kuan-Yuan Chen", "Wei-Lun Sun", "Sheng-Ming Wu", "Po-Hao Feng", "Chiou-Feng Lin", "Tzu-Tao Chen", "Yueh-Hsun Lu", "Shu-Chuan Ho", "Yueh-Hsi Chen", "Kang-Yun Lee"], "journal": "Cells", "year": 2024, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized, at least in part, by autoimmunity through amplified T helper 1 and 17 (Th1 and Th17) immune responses. The loss of immune tolerance controlled by programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) may contribute to this.\nOBJECTIVES: We studied the tolerogenic role of PD-L1+ dendritic cells (DCs) and their subtypes in relation to specific T cell immunity and the clinical phenotypes of COPD.\nMETHODS: We used flow cytometry to analyze PD-L1 expression by the DCs and their subtypes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from normal participants and those with COPD. T cell proliferation and the signature cytokines of T cell subtypes stimulated with elastin as autoantigens were measured using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), respectively.\nMEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 83 participants were enrolled (normal, n = 29; COPD, n = 54). A reduced PD-L1+ conventional dendritic cell 1 (cDC1) ratio in the PBMCs of the patients with COPD was shown (13.7 ± 13.7%, p = 0.03). The decrease in the PD-L1+ cDC1 ratio was associated with a rapid decline in COPD (p = 0.02) and correlated with the CD4+ T cells (r = -0.33, p = 0.02). This is supported by the NCBI GEO database accession number GSE56766, the researchers of which found that the gene expressions of PD-L1 and CD4, but not CD8 were negatively correlated from PBMC in COPD patients (r = -0.43, p = 0.002). Functionally, the PD-L1 blockade enhanced CD4+ T cell proliferation stimulated by CD3/elastin (31.2 ± 22.3%, p = 0.04) and interleukin (IL)-17A production stimulated by both CD3 (156.3 ± 54.7, p = 0.03) and CD3/elastin (148 ± 64.9, p = 0.03) from the normal PBMCs. The PD-L1 blockade failed to increase IL-17A production in the cDC1-depleted PBMCs. By contrast, there was no significant change in interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-4, or IL-10 after the PD-L1 blockade. Again, these findings were supported by the NCBI GEO database accession number GSE56766, the researchers of which found that only the expression of RORC, a master transcription factor driving the Th17 cells, was significantly negatively correlated to PD-L1 (r = -0.33, p = 0.02).\nCONCLUSIONS: Circulating PD-L1+ cDC1 was reduced in the patients with COPD, and the tolerogenic role was suppressed with susceptibility to self-antigens and linked to rapid decline caused by Th17-skewed chronic inflammation.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Spearman’s rank correlation aided the analysis of correlations between the variables.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38786101", "locator": "sections[13] \"2.7. 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METHODS: We used flow cytometry to analyze PD-L1 expression by the DCs and t", "elastin as autoantigens were measured using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELIS", "he DC and T cell subsets were examined using flow cytometry. To examine the cytokine levels, culture sup", "nd those with COPD; Table S2: antibodies for flow cytometry analysis; Table S3: the comparison of PD-L1+"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:589", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "elisa", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["etry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), respectively. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS", "(2 μg/mL) for 48 h, and then measured using ELISA assays. 2.7. 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