Irisin ameliorates UUO-induced renal interstitial fibrosis through TGF-β1/periostin/MMP-2 signaling pathway.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:38870184", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:cd4708fb1a466629b575f07a97fded0490c5b3a5d1f792f1fae8c4966a460c56", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:28:55Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:54:28Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Irisin ameliorates UUO-induced renal interstitial fibrosis through TGF-β1/periostin/MMP-2 signaling pathway.", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0299389", "pmid": "38870184", "authors": ["Yashu Wang", "Xinna Deng", "Jinying Wei", "Zhaohua Yang", "Yunxia Du", "Shan Song", "Yonghong Shi", "Haijiang Wu"], "journal": "PloS one", "year": 2024, "abstract": "Renal fibrosis is the most common pathway in progressive kidney diseases. The unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model is used to induce progressive renal fibrosis. We evaluated the effects of irisin on renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO mice. The GSE121190, GSE36496, GSE42303, and GSE96101 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. In total, 656 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in normal and UUO mouse renal samples. Periostin and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were selected to evaluate the effect of irisin on renal fibrosis in UUO mice. In UUO mice, irisin ameliorated renal function, decreased the expression of periostin and MMP-2, and attenuated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix deposition in renal tissues. In HK-2 cells, irisin treatment markedly attenuated TGF-β1-induced expression of periostin and MMP-2. Irisin treatment also inhibited TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix formation, and inflammatory responses. These protective effects of irisin were abolished by the overexpression of periostin and MMP-2. In summary, irisin treatment can improve UUO-induced renal interstitial fibrosis through the TGF-β1/periostin/MMP-2 signaling pathway, suggesting that irisin may be used for the treatment of renal interstitial fibrosis.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38870184", "locator": "sections[12] \"2.10 Statistical analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "This study benefited from the GEO databases (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). Four microarray gene expression profiles, GSE121190 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE121190), GSE36496 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE36496), GSE42303 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE42303), and GSE96101 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE96101), were downloaded from the GEO database. The limma package of the R software program (version 4.1.2, https://www.r-project.org/) was used to normalize and filter DEGs in each dataset. A correction p value < 0.05 and |logFC| ≥ 1 were selected as the cutoff criteria for DEGs. These DEGs were used for subsequent analysis.We appreciate the data platform, and the authors uploaded their data.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38870184", "locator": "sections[23] \"Data Availability\" paragraph 2", "quote": "This study benefited from the GEO databases (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). Four microarray gene expression profiles, GSE121190 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE121190), GSE36496 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE36496), GSE42303 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE42303), and GSE96101 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE96101), were downloaded from the GEO database. The limma package of the R software program (version 4.1.2, https://www.r-project.org/) was used to normalize and filter DEGs in each dataset. A correction p value < 0.05 and |logFC| ≥ 1 were selected as the cutoff criteria for DEGs. These DEGs were used for subsequent analysis.We appreciate the data platform, and the authors uploaded their data."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Irisin treatment can improve UUO-induced renal interstitial fibrosis through the TGF-β1/periostin/MMP-2 signaling pathway.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38870184", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "In summary, irisin treatment can improve UUO-induced renal interstitial fibrosis through the TGF-β1/periostin/MMP-2 signaling pathway, suggesting that irisin may be used for the treatment of renal interstitial fibrosis."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Irisin treatment can improve UUO-induced renal interstitial fibrosis through the TGF-β1/periostin/MMP-2 signaling pathway.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:38870184"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE121190"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE121190"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:38870184", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299389", "sha256": "sha256:0135ba158d3341dbcbbff66bf50f52e12ad0147d3f291c3ab98989701c710874", "bytes": 43342, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1371/journal.pone.0299389", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC11175535", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE121190", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE121190", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE121190", "version": null, "note": "This study benefited from the GEO databases (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). Four microarray gene expression profiles, GSE121190 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE121190), GSE36496 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE36496), GSE42303 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE42303), and GSE96101 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE96101), were downloaded from the GEO database. The limma package of the R software program (version 4.1.2, https://www.r-project.org/) was used to normalize and filter DEGs in each dataset. A correction p value < 0.05 and |logFC| ≥ 1 were selected as the cutoff criteria for DEGs. These DEGs were used for subsequent analysis.We appreciate the data platform, and the authors uploaded their data.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "This study benefited from the GEO databases (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). Four microarray gene expression profiles, GSE121190 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE121190), GSE36496 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE36496), GSE42303 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE42303), and GSE96101 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE96101), were downloaded from the GEO database. The limma package of the R software program (version 4.1.2, https://www.r-project.org/) was used to normalize and filter DEGs in each dataset. A correction p value < 0.05 and |logFC| ≥ 1 were selected as the cutoff criteria for DEGs. These DEGs were used for subsequent analysis.We appreciate the data platform, and the authors uploaded their data.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM3427561", "GSM3427562", "GSM3427563", "GSM3427564", "GSM3427565", "GSM3427566", "GSM3427567", "GSM3427568", "GSM3427569", "GSM3427570", "GSM3427571", "GSM3427572", "GSM3427573", "GSM3427574", "GSM3427575"], "sample_count": 15, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "11180", "taxon": "Mus musculus", "title": "Expression Profiling of Fibroblasts in Chronic and Acute Disease Models", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:54Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE36496", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE36496", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE36496", "version": null, "note": "This study benefited from the GEO databases (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). Four microarray gene expression profiles, GSE121190 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE121190), GSE36496 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE36496), GSE42303 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE42303), and GSE96101 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE96101), were downloaded from the GEO database. The limma package of the R software program (version 4.1.2, https://www.r-project.org/) was used to normalize and filter DEGs in each dataset. A correction p value < 0.05 and |logFC| ≥ 1 were selected as the cutoff criteria for DEGs. These DEGs were used for subsequent analysis.We appreciate the data platform, and the authors uploaded their data.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "This study benefited from the GEO databases (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). Four microarray gene expression profiles, GSE121190 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE121190), GSE36496 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE36496), GSE42303 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE42303), and GSE96101 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE96101), were downloaded from the GEO database. The limma package of the R software program (version 4.1.2, https://www.r-project.org/) was used to normalize and filter DEGs in each dataset. A correction p value < 0.05 and |logFC| ≥ 1 were selected as the cutoff criteria for DEGs. These DEGs were used for subsequent analysis.We appreciate the data platform, and the authors uploaded their data.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM895837", "GSM895838", "GSM895839", "GSM895840", "GSM895841", "GSM895842", "GSM895843", "GSM895844", "GSM895845", "GSM895846", "GSM895847", "GSM895848", "GSM895849", "GSM895850", "GSM895851", "GSM895852", "GSM895853", "GSM895854", "GSM895855", "GSM895856", "GSM895857", "GSM895858"], "sample_count": 22, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "4134", "taxon": "Mus musculus", "title": "Murine Kidney Tissue: Unilateral ureteral obstructed mice vs. Sham control", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T20:16:08Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE42303", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE42303", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE42303", "version": null, "note": "This study benefited from the GEO databases (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). Four microarray gene expression profiles, GSE121190 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE121190), GSE36496 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE36496), GSE42303 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE42303), and GSE96101 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE96101), were downloaded from the GEO database. The limma package of the R software program (version 4.1.2, https://www.r-project.org/) was used to normalize and filter DEGs in each dataset. A correction p value < 0.05 and |logFC| ≥ 1 were selected as the cutoff criteria for DEGs. These DEGs were used for subsequent analysis.We appreciate the data platform, and the authors uploaded their data.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "This study benefited from the GEO databases (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). Four microarray gene expression profiles, GSE121190 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE121190), GSE36496 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE36496), GSE42303 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE42303), and GSE96101 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE96101), were downloaded from the GEO database. The limma package of the R software program (version 4.1.2, https://www.r-project.org/) was used to normalize and filter DEGs in each dataset. A correction p value < 0.05 and |logFC| ≥ 1 were selected as the cutoff criteria for DEGs. These DEGs were used for subsequent analysis.We appreciate the data platform, and the authors uploaded their data.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM1037447", "GSM1037448", "GSM1037449", "GSM1037450", "GSM1037451", "GSM1037452", "GSM1037453", "GSM1037454", "GSM1037455", "GSM1037456", "GSM1037457", "GSM1037458", "GSM1037459", "GSM1037460", "GSM1037461", "GSM1037462", "GSM1037463", "GSM1037464"], "sample_count": 18, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "8321", "taxon": "Mus musculus", "title": "TIMP2 and TIMP3 have divergent roles in early renal tubulointerstitial injury", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T20:16:08Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE96101", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE96101", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE96101", "version": null, "note": "This study benefited from the GEO databases (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). Four microarray gene expression profiles, GSE121190 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE121190), GSE36496 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE36496), GSE42303 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE42303), and GSE96101 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE96101), were downloaded from the GEO database. The limma package of the R software program (version 4.1.2, https://www.r-project.org/) was used to normalize and filter DEGs in each dataset. A correction p value < 0.05 and |logFC| ≥ 1 were selected as the cutoff criteria for DEGs. These DEGs were used for subsequent analysis.We appreciate the data platform, and the authors uploaded their data.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "This study benefited from the GEO databases (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). Four microarray gene expression profiles, GSE121190 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE121190), GSE36496 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE36496), GSE42303 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE42303), and GSE96101 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE96101), were downloaded from the GEO database. The limma package of the R software program (version 4.1.2, https://www.r-project.org/) was used to normalize and filter DEGs in each dataset. A correction p value < 0.05 and |logFC| ≥ 1 were selected as the cutoff criteria for DEGs. These DEGs were used for subsequent analysis.We appreciate the data platform, and the authors uploaded their data.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM2533358", "GSM2533359", "GSM2533360", "GSM2533361", "GSM2533362", "GSM2533363", "GSM2533364", "GSM2533365", "GSM2533366", "GSM2533367", "GSM2533368", "GSM2533369", "GSM2533370", "GSM2533371", "GSM2533372", "GSM2533373", "GSM2533374", "GSM2533375", "GSM2533376", "GSM2533377", "GSM2533378", "GSM2533379", "GSM2533380", "GSM2533381", "GSM2533382", "GSM2533383", "GSM2533384", "GSM2533385", "GSM2533386", "GSM2533387", "GSM2533388", "GSM2533389", "GSM2533390", "GSM2533391", "GSM2533392", "GSM2533393", "GSM2533394", "GSM2533395", "GSM2533396", "GSM2533397", "GSM2533398", "GSM2533399", "GSM2533400", "GSM2533401", "GSM2533402", "GSM2533403", "GSM2533404", "GSM2533405", "GSM2533406", "GSM2533407", "GSM2533408", "GSM2533409", "GSM2533410", "GSM2533411", "GSM2533412", "GSM2533413", "GSM2533414", "GSM2533415", "GSM2533416", "GSM2533417", "GSM2533418", "GSM2533419", "GSM2533420", "GSM2533421", "GSM2533422", "GSM2533423", "GSM2533424", "GSM2533425", "GSM2533426", "GSM2533427", "GSM2533428", "GSM2533429", "GSM2533430", "GSM2533431", "GSM2533432", "GSM2533433", "GSM2533434", "GSM2533435", "GSM2533436", "GSM2533437", "GSM2533438", "GSM2533439", "GSM2533440", "GSM2533441", "GSM2533442", "GSM2533443", "GSM2533444", "GSM2533445", "GSM2533446", "GSM2533447", "GSM2533448", "GSM2533449", "GSM2533450", "GSM2533451", "GSM2533452", "GSM2533453", "GSM2533454", "GSM2533455", "GSM2533456", "GSM2533457", "GSM2533458", "GSM2533459", "GSM2533460", "GSM2533461", "GSM2533462", "GSM2533463", "GSM2533464", "GSM2533465", "GSM2533466", "GSM2533467", "GSM2533468", "GSM2533469", "GSM2533470", "GSM2533471", "GSM2533472", "GSM2533473", "GSM2533474", "GSM2533475", "GSM2533476", "GSM2533477"], "sample_count": 120, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "4134", "taxon": "Mus musculus", "title": "Murine Kidney Tissue: Unilateral ureteral obstructed (UUO) mice vs. Sham control", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:55Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE121190 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE121190 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE36496 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE36496 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE42303 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE42303 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE96101 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE96101 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "complete", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "group_comparison", "specific": "anova", "label": "Group comparison", "dsl_operations": ["group_summary", "welch_t", "bootstrap_mean_difference", "group_comparison_anova"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["two_or_more_groups_continuous"], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS."}}], "targets": [], "gaps": []}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "complete", "tier": "R1", "blocking_axis": "none", "blocked_on": "nothing:replicable_now", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": true, "required_operations": ["group_summary", "welch_t", "bootstrap_mean_difference", "group_comparison_anova"], "missing_operations": [], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: anova."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE121190", "GSE36496", "GSE42303", "GSE96101"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE121190", "GSE36496", "GSE42303", "GSE96101"], "statements": ["This study benefited from the GEO databases (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). Four microarray gene expression profiles, GSE121190 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE121190), GSE36496 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE36496), GSE42303 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE42303), and GSE96101 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE96101), were downloaded from the GEO database. The limma package of the R software program (version 4.1.2, https://www.r-project.org/) was used to normalize and filter DEGs in each dataset. A correction p value < 0.05 and |logFC| ≥ 1 were selected as the cutoff criteria for DEGs. These DEGs were used for subsequent analysis.We appreciate the data platform, and the authors uploaded their data."], "basis": "The paper names GSE121190, GSE36496, GSE42303, GSE96101 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. 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