IL4I1: a novel molecular biomarker represents an inflamed tumor microenvironment and precisely predicts the molecular subtype and immunotherapy response of bladder cancer.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:38873416", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:9e81a817bbb4d159a1c9d4b901375648e9d2858771d33c6b871d3eeef4766dbc", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:28:56Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:12:01Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "IL4I1: a novel molecular biomarker represents an inflamed tumor microenvironment and precisely predicts the molecular subtype and immunotherapy response of bladder cancer.", "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2024.1365683", "pmid": "38873416", "authors": ["Xiangrong Peng", "Chuan Liu", "Li Zhang", "Yin Chen", "Lixin Mao", "Shenglin Gao", "Xiaokai Shi", "Li Zuo"], "journal": "Frontiers in pharmacology", "year": 2024, "abstract": "Introduction: IL4I1, also known as Interleukin-4-induced gene 1, is an enzyme that can modulate the immune system by acting as a L-amino acid oxidase. Nevertheless, a precise understanding of the correlation of IL4I1 with immunological features and immunotherapy efficacy in bladder cancer (BLCA) remains incomplete. Methods: We analyzed RNA sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to investigate the immune function and prognostic importance of IL4I1 across different cancer types. We further examined the TCGA-BLCA cohort for correlations between IL4I1 and various immunological characteristics of tumor microenvironment (TME), such as cancer immune cycle, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint expression and T cell inflamed score. Validation was conducted using two independent cohort, GSE48075 and E-MTAB-4321. Finally, RNA sequencing data from the IMvigor210 cohort and immunohistochemistry assays were employed to validate the predictive value of IL4I1 for the TME and immunotherapy efficacy. Results: In our findings, a positive correlation was observed between IL4I1 expression and immunomodulators expression, immune cell infiltration, the cancer immune cycle, and T cell inflamed score in BLCA, suggesting a significant link to the inflamed TME. In addition, studies have shown that IL4I1 elevated levels of individuals tend to be more performance for basal subtype and exhibit enhanced response rates to diverse treatment modalities, specifically immunotherapy. Clinical data from the IMvigor 210 cohort confirmed a higher rate of response to immunotherapy and better survival benefits in patients with high IL4I1 expression. Discussion: To summarize, our research showed that elevated IL4I1 levels are indicative of an inflamed TME, the basal subtype, and a more favorable response to various treatment methods, especially immune checkpoint blockade therapy in BLCA.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to quantify correlation.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38873416", "locator": "sections[8] \"Statistical analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to quantify correlation."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Materials, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38873416", "locator": "sections[19] \"Data availability statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Materials, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Elevated IL4I1 expression indicates an inflamed bladder cancer tumor microenvironment, the basal molecular subtype, and a more favorable response to treatment, especially immune checkpoint blockade therapy.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:38873416", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 4", "quote": "To summarize, our research showed that elevated IL4I1 levels are indicative of an inflamed TME, the basal subtype, and a more favorable response to various treatment methods, especially immune checkpoint blockade therapy in BLCA."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Elevated IL4I1 expression indicates an inflamed bladder cancer tumor microenvironment, the basal molecular subtype, and a more favorable response to treatment, especially immune checkpoint blockade therapy.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:38873416"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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