The clinical significance and anti-tumor role of PRKG1 in bladder cancer.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:39139561", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 2, "content_hash": "sha256:8e4ad29206b4d66e67a7045ec7803861b0dea27e2b5013fcd7081bc3f825fc1b", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:29:14Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:33:40Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "The clinical significance and anti-tumor role of PRKG1 in bladder cancer.", "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2024.1442555", "pmid": "39139561", "authors": ["Lu Jin", "Ting Chen", "Huan Sun", "Guangcheng Dai", "Qiu Yao", "Feng Yuan", "Xiaolong Liu", "Boxin Xue"], "journal": "Frontiers in immunology", "year": 2024, "abstract": "Introduction: cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PRKG1) has shown to be associated with some tumorigenesis, while the role of PRKG1 in bladder cancer is unclear.\nMethods: To investigate the biological and clinical significance of PRKG1 in bladder cancer, we detected the expression of PRKG1 and explored the function of PRKG1 in bladder cancer cells. The PRKG1 transcripts data was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and immunohistochemistry staining was conducted on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sample tissues. Relationship between clinical characteristics of patients and expression of PRKG1 was analyzed in FFPE samples, TCGA database, and GSE19423 dataset. PRKG1 was over-expressed, and cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and spheroidizing ability were then detected. Chemosensitivity to cisplatin was detected with cell viability, and half-maximal drug inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. In addition, the relation between PRKG1 expression and the infiltration level of tumor immune cells in tumor microenvironment were analyzed.\nResults: The results showed expression of PRKG1 was lower in bladder cancer, compared with normal tissues both at protein and transcript levels. Lower PRKG1 expression was related to higher tumor grade, T stage, and muscle invasion, also predicted worse overall survival and recurrence free survival in patients treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) intravesical immunotherapy. Analysis of tumor immune cells infiltration showed lower PRKG1 was associated with non-inflamed tumor microenvironment.\nConclusion: The present study firstly identified the anti-tumor role and tumor immune regulatory role of PRKG1, also found loss of PRKG1 could be used as a prognosis factor. The present study provided a potential biomarker and therapy target to bladder cancer.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Cox proportional hazard regression model was adopted to conduct the estimate of prognosis. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan–Meier method.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39139561", "locator": "sections[15] \"Statistical analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Cox proportional hazard regression model was adopted to conduct the estimate of prognosis. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan–Meier method."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/ Supplementary Material . Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39139561", "locator": "sections[28] \"Data availability statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/ Supplementary Material . Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The results showed that a low PRKG1 expression might be used to predict the response to BCG (AUC: 1 year—0.79, 3 years—0.67, and 5 years—0.72; Supplementary Figure S2A ), while it is not for epirubicin.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39139561", "locator": "sections[18] \"Loss of PRKG1 predicts poor prognosis and response to BCG\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The results showed that a low PRKG1 expression might be used to predict the response to BCG (AUC: 1 year—0.79, 3 years—0.67, and 5 years—0.72; Supplementary Figure S2A ), while it is not for epirubicin."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "The results showed that a low PRKG1 expression might be used to predict the response to BCG (AUC: 1 year—0.79, 3 years—0.67, and 5 years—0.72; Supplementary Figure S2A ), while it is not for epirubicin.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:39139561"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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Cell culture and transfection The cell lines (5637 and T24) used in the pr", "cells were cultured for about 24 h and then transfected with lentivirus particles (2 * 106 TU), incl"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:3017", "id": "assay:2"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "qpcr", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.93, "evidence": ["e purchased from Genechem (Shanghai, China). qPCR and Western blot were performed to verify th"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:3507", "id": "assay:3"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "western_blot", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.93, "evidence": ["ed from Genechem (Shanghai, China). qPCR and Western blot were performed to verify the over-expression"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:3516", "id": "assay:4"}]}