Identification of Hub Genes in Comorbidity of Psoriasis and Vitiligo Using Bioinformatics Analysis.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:39258216", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:436467a0370947e24ad578ded62d4905d4a5476299c59db3f1e1e1d33df3a392", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:29:24Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:12:39Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification of Hub Genes in Comorbidity of Psoriasis and Vitiligo Using Bioinformatics Analysis.", "doi": "10.2147/CCID.S470149", "pmid": "39258216", "authors": ["Chen Wang", "Jinping Yuan", "Huiwen Yu", "Jiaying Lin", "Bingxue Bai"], "journal": "Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology", "year": 2024, "abstract": "Background: Psoriasis and vitiligo are two common autoimmune skin diseases with increased risk of comorbidities, but the common molecular mechanism about the occurrence of these two diseases is still unknown.\nObjective: This study aimed to identify the combined genetic profiles and evaluate the potential mechanism underlying the occurrence of this complication.\nMethods: The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to obtain the gene expression profiles of psoriasis (GSE30999) and vitiligo (GSE75819), and common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R. DEGs were analyzed using functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module construction, hub gene identification, and co-expression analysis. And hub genes were identified using Cytoscape software, and the gene expression of hub genes were validated in psoriasis (GSE13355) and vitiligo (GSE65127) datasets and immunohistochemistry at the clinical sample.\nResults: A total of 164 common DEGs with the same trend (137 upregulated and 27 downregulated) were selected for subsequent analysis. Functional analysis emphasized the important roles of the cell cycle and mitotic cell division, cytoskeletal reorganization, and chromatin remodeling in the complications of these two diseases. Fourteen important hub genes were identified, including BUB1, CEP55, CDK1, TOP2A, CENPF, PBK, MELK, CCNB2, MAD2L1, NUSAP1, TTK, NEK2, CDKN3, and PTTG1. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) may be an important immune checkpoint in the pathogenesis of the comorbidities.\nConclusion: Our study identified hub genes and potential mechanisms underlying psoriasis and vitiligo complications. And we proposed a new spatio-temporal theory and the probable immune checkpoint for the pathogenesis of the comorbidity which may provide new ideas for the further research.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The online GEO2R tool was used to compare gene expression profiles between the diseased and control groups to determine the DEGs that must adjust both P-value< 0.05 and |log FC| (fold change) | ≥ 1.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39258216", "locator": "sections[3] \"Data Mining and Analyze of GEO Database\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The online GEO2R tool was used to compare gene expression profiles between the diseased and control groups to determine the DEGs that must adjust both P-value< 0.05 and |log FC| (fold change) | ≥ 1."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39258216", "locator": "sections[17] \"Data Sharing Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "A total of 164 common DEGs with the same trend (137 upregulated and 27 downregulated) were selected for subsequent analysis.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39258216", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 4", "quote": "A total of 164 common DEGs with the same trend (137 upregulated and 27 downregulated) were selected for subsequent analysis."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "A total of 164 common DEGs with the same trend (137 upregulated and 27 downregulated) were selected for subsequent analysis.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:39258216"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE13355"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE13355"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:39258216", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S470149", "sha256": "sha256:c889488f1ce07f713397d9846ab74d7553b3928ead265d28e84a4b02573bab89", "bytes": 32353, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.2147/CCID.S470149", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC11386070", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body_without_references", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE13355", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE13355", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE13355", "version": null, "note": "All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article. 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Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article. 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Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article. 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