Identification of dilated cardiomyopathy-linked key genes by bioinformatics methods and evaluating the impact of tannic acid and monosodium glutamate in rats.

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This study aimed to investigate the possible effect of the common food additive monosodium glutamate (MSG) and tannic acid (TA), a phenolic compound, on the key molecular actors responsible for DCM. DCM-related publicly available microarray datasets (GSE120895, GSE17800, and GSE19303) were downloaded from the comprehensive Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). By integrating DEGs and gene-disease validity curation results, overlapping genes were screened and identified as hub genes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and ontology analysis were performed to make sense of the identified biological data. Finally, mRNA expression changes of identified hub genes in the heart tissues of rats treated with MSG and TA were measured by the qPCR method. Six upregulated (IGF1, TTN, ACTB, LMNA, EDN1, and NPPB) DEGs were identified between the DCM and healthy control samples as the hub genes. qPCR results revealed that the mRNA levels of these genes involved in DCM development increased significantly in rat heart tissues exposed to MSG. In contrast, this increase was remarkably alleviated by TA treatment. Our results provide new insights into critical molecular mechanisms that should be focused on in future DCM studies. Moreover, MSG may play a critical role in DCM formation, and TA may be used as a promising therapeutic agent in DCM.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between EMBs of DCM patients and healthy individuals’ samples were screened and analyzed using GEO2R (http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/geo2r).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39318238", "locator": "sections[5] \"Data pre‐processing and screening for DEGs\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between EMBs of DCM patients and healthy individuals’ samples were screened and analyzed using GEO2R (http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/geo2r)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The data used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39318238", "locator": "sections[25] \"DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The data used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Six upregulated DEGs—IGF1, TTN, ACTB, LMNA, EDN1, and NPPB—were identified as DCM hub genes.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39318238", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Six upregulated (IGF1, TTN, ACTB, LMNA, EDN1, and NPPB) DEGs were identified between the DCM and healthy control samples as the hub genes."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Six upregulated DEGs—IGF1, TTN, ACTB, LMNA, EDN1, and NPPB—were identified as DCM hub genes.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:39318238"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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