Association between hypothyroidism and obstructive sleep apnea: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study combined with the geo database.

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Therefore, our research used a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) method in an attempt to determine the causal relationship between hypothyroidism and OSA.\nMethods: From the publicly accessible genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) summary database, we obtained single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) data pertaining to hypothyroidism and OSA. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was the principal method of analysis utilized, with validation also conducted via weighted median, MR-Egger, simple model, and weighted model approaches. To further evaluate the robustness of the results, heterogeneity testing, pleiotropy testing, and the \"leave-one-out\" sensitivity analysis were performed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the OSA dataset (GSE135917) and hypothyroidism dataset (GSE176153) derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were screened using the \"limma\" package. The \"clusterProfiler\" and \"GO plot\" packages were used for further enrichment analysis in order to validate the findings of the MR study. The Cytoscape software was utilized to build a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs and to screen for hub genes.\nResults: The MR analysis showed that genetically predicted hypothyroidism was associated with an increased risk of OSA [IVW odds ratio (OR) = 1.734; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.073-2.801; p = 0.025]. The trend of the outcomes of the other approaches is consistent with the trend of the IVW outcome. However, the reverse MR analysis suggested no evidence for the causal effect of OSA on hypothyroidism (IVW OR = 1.002, 95% CI: 0.996-1.009, p = 0.454). The robustness of the results was confirmed by the sensitivity analysis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that there were DEGs that hypothyroidism and OSA have in common.\nConclusion: Our findings suggested that hypothyroidism may increase the risk of OSA, while the effect of OSA on hypothyroidism was not found in this MR study. Thus, patients with hypothyroidism should be enhanced with screening for OSA for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "In both forward and reverse MR analyses, the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the principal analysis to explore the causal relationship between hypothyroidism and OSA.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39719972", "locator": "sections[5] \"MR analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "In both forward and reverse MR analyses, the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the principal analysis to explore the causal relationship between hypothyroidism and OSA."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39719972", "locator": "sections[17] \"Data availability statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The MR analysis showed that genetically predicted hypothyroidism was associated with an increased risk of OSA [IVW odds ratio (OR) = 1.734; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.073–2.801; p = 0.025].", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 95.0, "unit": "per cent", "tolerance": null, "source": "The MR analysis showed that genetically predicted hypothyroidism was associated with an increased risk of OSA [IVW odds ratio (OR) = 1.734; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.073–2.801; p = 0.025]."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39719972", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "The MR analysis showed that genetically predicted hypothyroidism was associated with an increased risk of OSA [IVW odds ratio (OR) = 1.734; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.073–2.801; p = 0.025]."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": "The MR analysis showed that genetically predicted hypothyroidism was associated with an increased risk of OSA [IVW odds ratio (OR) = 1.734; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.073–2.801; p = 0.025].", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:39719972"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "blocked", "blocked_on": "data:accession_absent", "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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