Identification and validation of BATF as a prognostic biomarker and regulator of immune cell infiltration in acute myeloid leukemia.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:39872530", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:33855076fd59eeb6d519071342cdf24a42538e37c2d94b14a9f49f53d5895a6a", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:30:09Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:13:34Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification and validation of BATF as a prognostic biomarker and regulator of immune cell infiltration in acute myeloid leukemia.", "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2024.1429855", "pmid": "39872530", "authors": ["Zhe Zhao", "Dongmei Wang", "Xue Sheng", "Shuying Li", "Tingting Liu", "Mengyuan Chang", "Lei Feng", "Di Zhang", "Chunyan Ji", "Fei Lu", "Jingjing Ye"], "journal": "Frontiers in immunology", "year": 2024, "abstract": "Background: Basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (BATF) is a nuclear basic leucine zipper protein affiliated with the AP-1/ATF superfamily. Previous research has confirmed that BATF expression plays a significant role in the tumour microenvironment. However, the associations between BATF expression and prognoses in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients and their immunological effects remain unclear.\nMethods: Genomic and clinical AML data were got from the TCGA (TCGA-LAML) and GEO (GSE37642) databases for the subsequent analysis. The expression levels of BATF in AML patients were assessed using GEPIA, and the results were verified by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. In the meantime, the prognostic value of BATF was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) analysis, and Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis. EdU, colony formation, and CCK-8 assays were employed to evaluate the proliferation of cells. Moreover, we detected the association of BATF expression with drug sensitivity through database analysis and in vivo experiments. To further investigate the mechanism of action of BATF in AML, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was performed, followed by pathway enrichment analysis using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Meanwhile, we detected the connection between BATF expression and the proportions of immune cells via flow cytometry in C1498 mouse model of AML. Finally, we investigated the association between BATF expression and cell-cell communication within the AML cell population using single-cell sequencing.\nResults: In this study, we thoroughly investigated the role of BATF in AML. First, we observed a significant elevation in the expression of BATF in patients and cells in AML. Further analysis revealed an association between high BATF expression and poor prognosis in AML. Additionally, BATF expression was found to promote the proliferative capacity of AML cells. Moreover, the results showed that the expression level of BATF dramatically affected the effect of chemotherapy in AML patients. We also discovered that BATF expression could activate multiple immune-related pathways, altering the proportions of CD8+T cells and NK cells, suggesting that BATF may be a regulator of immune cell infiltration. Finally, there were differences in receptor ligand pairs between AML cells with high and low expression of BATF and immune cells.\nConclusion: Bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification revealed that BATF expression could alter the proportions of CD8+T cells and NK cells in AML and affect drug sensitivity, making it a potential treatment target for AML.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Based on the GDSC database, antitumour drug response was predicted by the R package “OncoPredict” for each AML patient with high and low expression.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39872530", "locator": "sections[6] \"Immune checkpoint genes and drug sensitivity analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Based on the GDSC database, antitumour drug response was predicted by the R package “OncoPredict” for each AML patient with high and low expression."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/ Supplementary Material . Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39872530", "locator": "sections[26] \"Data availability statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/ Supplementary Material . Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:39872530"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE37642"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE37642"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:39872530", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1429855", "sha256": "sha256:108056cae8a49be202f46b741ae38398d688df9378f4d1327d8b56f65717fb24", "bytes": 37496, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.3389/fimmu.2024.1429855", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC11769954", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body_without_references", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE37642", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE37642", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE37642", "version": null, "note": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/ Supplementary Material . Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/ Supplementary Material . 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In the meantime, the prognostic value of BA", "Figures 1B–D ). In addition, the qRT-PCR and Western blotting results also showed that BATF was overexpres", "ients (n=12) and healthy controls (n=8). (D) Western blotting analysis of BATF expression in patients with", "cells compared to that in control cells. (F) Western blotting analysis of BATF expression in AML cell line"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:756", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "apoptosis_assay", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.93, "evidence": ["urvival analysis. 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