Association between serum tricosanoic acid and cognitive function in older adults: findings from the NHANES and GEO databases.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:40182760", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:c62b4835df409c96adba948d5a942db358512b5d54430166871dc88bc33cccdf", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:30:22Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:56:19Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Association between serum tricosanoic acid and cognitive function in older adults: findings from the NHANES and GEO databases.", "doi": "10.3389/fnagi.2025.1534303", "pmid": "40182760", "authors": ["Ti Yang", "Yue Zhang", "Zeen Cai", "Ying Wang", "Shengqiong Deng"], "journal": "Frontiers in aging neuroscience", "year": 2025, "abstract": "Introduction: With global aging, dementia prevalence rises. While long-chain saturated fatty acids show anti-cognitive decline potential, serum tricosanoic acid (C23:0)'s role in brain regions and cognition remains unclear.\nMethods: To confirm the association between C23:0 and cognition in the population, we analyzed gene expression data from the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain gene chip data set (GSE118553) available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Additionally, we examined data from 1,127 adults aged 60 years and older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2014. To explore potential metabolic pathways and mechanisms linking C23:0 to cognitive aging, the computational platform METAFlux was employed.\nResults: Differential gene expression analysis identified 335 downregulated and 477 upregulated genes in AD frontal cortex. Metabolite analysis showed 20 upregulated and 37 downregulated nutrients (including C23:0) in AD vs. controls. Population-level analysis (NHANES, n = 1,127) confirmed higher serum C23:0 associated with better cognitive function.\nDiscussion: This study provides strong evidence for frontal cortex-specific reduced C23:0 in AD and highlights its potential as a serum cognitive marker.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The association between serum C23:0 levels and CERAD word learning and recall scores was analyzed using the weighted logistic regression model. The results were reported as the OR and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and P-value. Linear regression models were used to evaluate association with CERAD word learning total score, animal fluency score, and DSST score.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:40182760", "locator": "sections[13] \"2.4 Statistical analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The association between serum C23:0 levels and CERAD word learning and recall scores was analyzed using the weighted logistic regression model. The results were reported as the OR and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and P-value. Linear regression models were used to evaluate association with CERAD word learning total score, animal fluency score, and DSST score."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:40182760", "locator": "sections[26] \"Data availability statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Population-level analysis (NHANES, n = 1,127) confirmed higher serum C23:0 associated with better cognitive function.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:40182760", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "Population-level analysis (NHANES, n = 1,127) confirmed higher serum C23:0 associated with better cognitive function."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Population-level analysis (NHANES, n = 1,127) confirmed higher serum C23:0 associated with better cognitive function.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:40182760"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE118553"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE118553"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:40182760", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1534303", "sha256": 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