Prognostic Role of Cuproptosis-Related Gene after Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:40402195", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:8fbf18f8956c3133e18f18ae0e6dbbbf10ae712a1fab2a141253163e2743038c", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:30:32Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:56:33Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Prognostic Role of Cuproptosis-Related Gene after Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice.", "doi": "10.1007/s10571-025-01571-z", "pmid": "40402195", "authors": ["Xi Shen", "Jiandong Zhu", "Yuhang Gu", "Jinxin Lu", "Weiwei Zhai", "Liang Sun", "Jiang Wu", "Zhengquan Yu"], "journal": "Cellular and molecular neurobiology", "year": 2025, "abstract": "Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a highly fatal form of stroke for which there are limited effective treatments. Cuproptosis, a newly discovered type of programmed cell death, has not yet been investigated in relation to ICH. Thus, the main goal of our study was to investigate the involvement of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in predicting the early outcomes of ICH. We used datasets GSE228222 and GSE200575 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify and analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ICH samples and control samples from mice. From this analysis, seven cuproptosis-related DEGs (CuDEGs) were identified: pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha (Pdha1), glutaminase (Gls), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (Dld), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta (Pdhb), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (Dlat), metal regulatory transcription factor 1(Mtf1), and solute carrier family 31 member 1 (Slc31a1). Pathway enrichment analysis connected these genes to metabolic pathways, while immune cell infiltration analysis revealed increased macrophages and naive CD8 T cells alongside reduced NK resting cells and CD4 T cells in ICH samples. Verification through qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry demonstrated a lower expression of CuDEGs in ICH samples. Of particular note, Gls, a gene significantly linked to both cuproptosis and immune regulation, exhibited reduced expression, possibly reflecting a protective response to limit glutamate production and mitigate neuronal damage. In summary, Gls emerges as a promising target for improving ICH outcomes by regulating cuproptosis and immune activity. This research provides novel insights into the molecular processes involved in ICH and suggests potential therapeutic approaches.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Differential gene expression analysis was performed using the R package\"limma\"(version 3.56.2), with a selection threshold for DEGs set at adj. P < 0.05 and |log2FC|> 1.5.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:40402195", "locator": "sections[3] \"Data Collection and Processing\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Differential gene expression analysis was performed using the R package\"limma\"(version 3.56.2), with a selection threshold for DEGs set at adj. P < 0.05 and |log2FC|> 1.5."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:40402195", "locator": "sections[23] \"notes\" paragraph 1", "quote": "No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "From this analysis, seven cuproptosis-related DEGs (CuDEGs) were identified: pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha (Pdha1), glutaminase (Gls), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (Dld), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta (Pdhb), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (Dlat), metal regulatory transcription factor 1(Mtf1), and solute carrier family 31 member 1 (Slc31a1).", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:40402195", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "From this analysis, seven cuproptosis-related DEGs (CuDEGs) were identified: pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha (Pdha1), glutaminase (Gls), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (Dld), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta (Pdhb), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (Dlat), metal regulatory transcription factor 1(Mtf1), and solute carrier family 31 member 1 (Slc31a1)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "From this analysis, seven cuproptosis-related DEGs (CuDEGs) were identified: pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha (Pdha1), glutaminase (Gls), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (Dld), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta (Pdhb), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (Dlat), metal regulatory transcription factor 1(Mtf1), and solute carrier family 31 member 1 (Slc31a1).", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:40402195"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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Verification through qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry demonstrated a lower expression of CuDEGs in", "s. qRT-PCR Analysis of CuDEGs Expression and Immunohistochemistry We utilized qRT-PCR to validate the expressi", "in control (H) and ICH samples (I) Finally, immunohistochemistry was employed to assess the expression of Gls", "verified by qPCR in ICH and control samples. IHC of Gls in control (H) and ICH samples (I) Fi"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1270", "id": "assay:2"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "apoptosis_assay", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.69, "evidence": ["pid signaling pathway, neurotrophic pathway, apoptosis, and the P53 signaling pathway (Fig. 2B).Fig"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:3062", "id": "assay:3"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "qpcr", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["es in mRNA levels of CuDEGs were verified by qPCR in ICH and control samples. IHC of Gls in co", "d control tissues. 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