Effective treatment for fatty liver of liraglutide via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:41078944", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:5e4a158c7088a778495372613a5fa110ec2dbb0b771929683c42051b3875f18e", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:31:07Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:57:16Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Effective treatment for fatty liver of liraglutide via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways.", "doi": "10.5114/aoms/186658", "pmid": "41078944", "authors": ["Juan Li", "Jiaxin Xu", "Fangfang Zhu", "Chun Wang"], "journal": "Archives of medical science : AMS", "year": 2025, "abstract": "Introduction: Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a frequent medical condition marked by hepatic adipose tissue accumulation. It may cause liver damage in certain cases. This study examined liraglutide's inhibition of FLD and its molecular mechanism.\nMaterial and methods: GSE63067 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed using the Limma package. Enrichment analysis was performed. The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a high-fat diet to develop FLD, then administered liraglutide. Serum lipid levels were tested by ELISA, and pathological sections were used for oil red O staining. In in vitro experiments, the hepatic cells were stimulated with free fatty acids (FFAs), liraglutide, and tunicamycin. Immunofluorescence double staining and western blot testing were carried out.\nResults: Enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and apoptosis pathways. Liraglutide treatment reduced the expression of p-PERK and CHOP resulting from FFAs. Western blot assessment revealed that liraglutide treatment reduced the expression of GRP78, GRP94, p-PERK, p-IRE1α, ATF6, and CHOP resulting from FFAs but not the expression of these proteins resulting from FFAs and tunicamycin. Flow cytometry revealed that liraglutide treatment reduced SD rat liver cell apoptosis resulting from FFAs. Liraglutide treatment decreased the expression of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, caspase-12, and Bax resulting from FFAs.\nConclusions: Liraglutide exerts a therapeutic effect in the context of FLD through its ability to suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inhibit apoptosis of hepatic cells.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The assessment of variations in the outcomes was performed using the GraphPad Prism 6 system, using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the t-test.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:41078944", "locator": "sections[13] \"Statistical analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The assessment of variations in the outcomes was performed using the GraphPad Prism 6 system, using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the t-test."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "In the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the FL gene expression dataset GSE63067 [GPL570 platform (Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array)] was downloaded.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:41078944", "locator": "sections[3] \"Data collection\" paragraph 2", "quote": "In the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the FL gene expression dataset GSE63067 [GPL570 platform (Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array)] was downloaded."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Liraglutide exerts a therapeutic effect in the context of FLD through its ability to suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inhibit apoptosis of hepatic cells.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:41078944", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 4", "quote": "Liraglutide exerts a therapeutic effect in the context of FLD through its ability to suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inhibit apoptosis of hepatic cells."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Liraglutide exerts a therapeutic effect in the context of FLD through its ability to suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inhibit apoptosis of hepatic cells.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:41078944"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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Liraglutide treatment reduced the", "aglutide treatment reduced SD rat liver cell apoptosis resulting from FFAs. Liraglutide treatment d", "doplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inhibit apoptosis of hepatic cells."], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:72", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "animal_model", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["lysis was performed. The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a high-fat diet to develop FLD, then adm", "lysis was performed. The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a high-fat diet to develop FLD, the", "vealed that liraglutide treatment reduced SD rat liver cell apoptosis resulting from FFAs. 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