Upregulated haptoglobin in classical monocytes serves as a diagnostic and immunological biomarker in myocardial infarction: a cross-sectional multi-omics study.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:41229424", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 2, "content_hash": "sha256:1137654bb2c61f899caaa8d72c44837b1a783a6a0cd9b7cfa487aac25dc4f9a0", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:31:16Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:36:02Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Upregulated haptoglobin in classical monocytes serves as a diagnostic and immunological biomarker in myocardial infarction: a cross-sectional multi-omics study.", "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2025.1707912", "pmid": "41229424", "authors": ["Hongchen Xu", "Huibin Pan", "Chanjuan Mo", "Xueqi Guo", "Longfei Ji", "Danfei Shi", "Binyu Wang", "Guodong Li", "Yong Li"], "journal": "Frontiers in immunology", "year": 2025, "abstract": "Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Finding reliable diagnostic biomarkers and gaining a deeper understanding of their role in the immune microenvironment is of great significance for improving clinical prognosis.\nMethod: This study integrated multiple datasets from GEO (GSE141512, GSE95368, GSE269269) and TCGA data, and used various bioinformatics methods such as weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), immune cell infiltration analysis, and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to screen key genes related to the occurrence and development of myocardial infarction. We initially validated the results using a proteomic dataset (GSE95368) and clinical samples analyzed by qPCR. Critically, the dysregulation and diagnostic value of Haptoglobin (HP) were further confirmed in multiple independent external cohorts (GSE66360, and others.), solidifying its reliability as a biomarker.\nResult: The study found that Haptoglobin (HP) is a key gene significantly upregulated in myocardial infarction, and it exhibits high diagnostic value (AUC=0.833) in the proteomic dataset (GSE95368). Single-cell sequencing analysis showed that HP is significantly highly expressed in classical monocyte of MI patients, and this finding was validated by qPCR experiments in clinically collected classical monocytes samples (p<0.05). Functional enrichment analysis implicated HP in immune responses and ferroptosis.\nConclusion: The HP gene is a potential diagnostic biomarker for myocardial infarction, and its specific high expression in classical monocytes implies a potential role in the pathological process of myocardial infarction by regulating the immune microenvironment. This study provides a new research direction for the diagnosis and immune-targeted therapy of myocardial infarction, and has important clinical translational value.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "We evaluated the diagnostic performance of HP in each dataset by constructing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculating the area under the curve (AUC) and its 95% confidence interval using the pROC R package (version 1.18.0) (23).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:41229424", "locator": "sections[14] \"Analysis of independent validation cohorts\" paragraph 2", "quote": "We evaluated the diagnostic performance of HP in each dataset by constructing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculating the area under the curve (AUC) and its 95% confidence interval using the pROC R package (version 1.18.0) (23)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/ Supplementary Material . Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:41229424", "locator": "sections[26] \"Data availability statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/ Supplementary Material . Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The study found that Haptoglobin (HP) is a key gene significantly upregulated in myocardial infarction, and it exhibits high diagnostic value (AUC=0.833) in the proteomic dataset (GSE95368).", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 0.833, "unit": "auc", "tolerance": null, "source": "The study found that Haptoglobin (HP) is a key gene significantly upregulated in myocardial infarction, and it exhibits high diagnostic value (AUC=0.833) in the proteomic dataset (GSE95368)."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:41229424", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "The study found that Haptoglobin (HP) is a key gene significantly upregulated in myocardial infarction, and it exhibits high diagnostic value (AUC=0.833) in the proteomic dataset (GSE95368)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "The study found that Haptoglobin (HP) is a key gene significantly upregulated in myocardial infarction, and it exhibits high diagnostic value (AUC=0.833) in the proteomic dataset (GSE95368).", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:41229424"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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