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pmid:41235230

The role of the MYL12A liquid-liquid phase separation in neutrophil improves the prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multi-omics analysis.

Yufang Guo · Longjie Li · Yongjun Wang · Zexu Wang · Wei Qiu · Qian Li · Li Wang · Bing Wan

Frontiers in immunology · 2025 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1662680

Paper

complete

Experiment

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Data

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Analysis

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Execution

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Record details sci_version · id · kind · revision · content_hash · schema · created_at · updated_at · generator
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pmid:41235230
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science-record
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https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json
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2026-11-01T20:31:16Z
updated_at
2026-11-01T22:15:00Z
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paper object · 10 fields
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title
The role of the MYL12A liquid-liquid phase separation in neutrophil improves the prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multi-omics analysis.
doi
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1662680
pmid
41235230
authors array · 8 items
[0]
Yufang Guo
[1]
Longjie Li
[2]
Yongjun Wang
[3]
Zexu Wang
[4]
Wei Qiu
[5]
Qian Li
[6]
Li Wang
[7]
Bing Wan
journal
Frontiers in immunology
year
2025
abstract
Background: In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), neutrophils, as the primary effector immune cells, undergo profound transcriptional and phenotypic reprogramming in response to complex inflammatory stimuli, modulating signal transduction and immune responses. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) plays a pivotal role in transcriptional dynamics and signal transduction, critically influencing gene expression stability. However, the mechanistic and clinical implications of LLPS in ARDS progression remain elusive. Materials and methods: This study systematically characterized neutrophil LLPS in ARDS through integrated single-cell transcriptomes (GSE157789), proteomes (GSE32707/GSE76293), and clinical cohorts date. LLPS-associated genes (LCGs) were screened from the PhaSepDB 2.1 database and subsequently integrated with single-cell sequencing data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to quantify neutrophil LLPS scores and divide patient stratification into high and low LLPS groups for differential expression analysis of critical LCGs and associated pathways. Phase-separated droplets were then isolated from peripheral blood neutrophils of ARDS patients and N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) -stimulated neutrophils, followed by proteomic identification of droplet-associated proteins and candidate gene selection through GEO data analysis. The prognostic value of LLPS scores and candidate genes was subsequently validated in clinical cohorts, while the relationship between phase separation of candidate genes and cellular function was experimentally confirmed through immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and complementary functional assays. Results: Neutrophils in ARDS exhibit elevated LLPS scores (p<0.05), with differentially expressed LCGs enriched in RhoA/ROCK-mediated cell polarization and migration pathways. Multi-omics integration identified MYL12A as a core phase-separation regulator, whose protein levels in phase-separated droplets positively correlated with oxygenation index (r=0.9536, p=0.0119) but inversely with SOFA scores (r=-0.8896, p=0.0433). Patients with high LLPS scores demonstrated significantly improved overall survival (p=0.046), suggesting a protective role of LLPS in ARDS pathogenesis. Mechanistically, the chemoattractant fMLP triggers reversible MYL12A phase separation via phosphorylation at Ser19, thereby potentiating neutrophil migratory capacity. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that LLPS dynamically regulates neutrophil migration through MYL12A phosphorylation-dependent phase separation, exerting immunoprotective effect in ARDS. The LLPS status of MYL12A and its activity score may serve as ARDS prognostic biomarkers and offer a novel strategy for developing LLPS-targeted immunomodulatory therapies.
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We quantified the LLPS enrichment score for each patient using the GSVA algorithm based on their peripheral blood transcriptome data. Patients were then dichotomized into high and low LLPS score groups based on the optimal cut-off point determined by the “maxstat.test” function.
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sections[15] "Construction of prognostic models" paragraph 2
quote
We quantified the LLPS enrichment score for each patient using the GSVA algorithm based on their peripheral blood transcriptome data. Patients were then dichotomized into high and low LLPS score groups based on the optimal cut-off point determined by the “maxstat.test” function.
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The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/ Supplementary Material .
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sections[25] "Data availability statement" paragraph 2
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The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/ Supplementary Material .
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Patients with high LLPS scores had significantly better overall survival than patients with low LLPS scores (p=0.046).
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Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival rate (OS) of patients in the high LLPS score group was significantly better than that in the low LLPS group (p=0.046, Figure 3A ), and the expression level of MYL12A in neutrophils in this group was significantly increased ( Figure 3B ).
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sections[20] "LLPS score has clinical prognostic value, and a high LLPS score is associated with better overall survival" paragraph 2
quote
Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival rate (OS) of patients in the high LLPS score group was significantly better than that in the low LLPS group (p=0.046, Figure 3A ), and the expression level of MYL12A in neutrophils in this group was significantly increased ( Figure 3B ).
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Patients with high LLPS scores had significantly better overall survival than patients with low LLPS scores (p=0.046).
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Dexamethasone modulates immature neutrophils and interferon programming in severe COVID-19
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Inflammasome-regulated cytokines are critical mediators of lung injury in humans.
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We quantified the LLPS enrichment score for each patient using the GSVA algorithm based on their peripheral blood transcriptome data. Patients were then dichotomized into high and low LLPS score groups based on the optimal cut-off point determined by the “maxstat.test” function.
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The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/ Supplementary Material .
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(fMLP) -stimulated neutrophils, followed by proteomic identification of droplet-associated protein
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ential expression and enrichment analysis of mass spectrometry In the mass spectrometry differential expres
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ichment analysis of mass spectrometry In the mass spectrometry differential expression analysis, we preproc
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unction was experimentally confirmed through immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and complementary functio
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ntally confirmed through immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and complementary functional assays. Result
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We quantified the LLPS enrichment score for each patient using the GSVA algorithm based on their peripheral blood transcriptome data. Patients were then dichotomized into high and low LLPS score groups based on the optimal cut-off point determined by the “maxstat.test” function.
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Complete file
{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:41235230", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:3dc5cb004e46953a244e2be543c5246afc34c5cc1c8f5bed17b7e2e6b4c2eb0c", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:31:16Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:15:00Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "The role of the MYL12A liquid-liquid phase separation in neutrophil improves the prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multi-omics analysis.", "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2025.1662680", "pmid": "41235230", "authors": ["Yufang Guo", "Longjie Li", "Yongjun Wang", "Zexu Wang", "Wei Qiu", "Qian Li", "Li Wang", "Bing Wan"], "journal": "Frontiers in immunology", "year": 2025, "abstract": "Background: In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), neutrophils, as the primary effector immune cells, undergo profound transcriptional and phenotypic reprogramming in response to complex inflammatory stimuli, modulating signal transduction and immune responses. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) plays a pivotal role in transcriptional dynamics and signal transduction, critically influencing gene expression stability. However, the mechanistic and clinical implications of LLPS in ARDS progression remain elusive.\nMaterials and methods: This study systematically characterized neutrophil LLPS in ARDS through integrated single-cell transcriptomes (GSE157789), proteomes (GSE32707/GSE76293), and clinical cohorts date. LLPS-associated genes (LCGs) were screened from the PhaSepDB 2.1 database and subsequently integrated with single-cell sequencing data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to quantify neutrophil LLPS scores and divide patient stratification into high and low LLPS groups for differential expression analysis of critical LCGs and associated pathways. Phase-separated droplets were then isolated from peripheral blood neutrophils of ARDS patients and N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) -stimulated neutrophils, followed by proteomic identification of droplet-associated proteins and candidate gene selection through GEO data analysis. The prognostic value of LLPS scores and candidate genes was subsequently validated in clinical cohorts, while the relationship between phase separation of candidate genes and cellular function was experimentally confirmed through immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and complementary functional assays.\nResults: Neutrophils in ARDS exhibit elevated LLPS scores (p<0.05), with differentially expressed LCGs enriched in RhoA/ROCK-mediated cell polarization and migration pathways. Multi-omics integration identified MYL12A as a core phase-separation regulator, whose protein levels in phase-separated droplets positively correlated with oxygenation index (r=0.9536, p=0.0119) but inversely with SOFA scores (r=-0.8896, p=0.0433). Patients with high LLPS scores demonstrated significantly improved overall survival (p=0.046), suggesting a protective role of LLPS in ARDS pathogenesis. Mechanistically, the chemoattractant fMLP triggers reversible MYL12A phase separation via phosphorylation at Ser19, thereby potentiating neutrophil migratory capacity.\nConclusions: This study demonstrates that LLPS dynamically regulates neutrophil migration through MYL12A phosphorylation-dependent phase separation, exerting immunoprotective effect in ARDS. The LLPS status of MYL12A and its activity score may serve as ARDS prognostic biomarkers and offer a novel strategy for developing LLPS-targeted immunomodulatory therapies.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "We quantified the LLPS enrichment score for each patient using the GSVA algorithm based on their peripheral blood transcriptome data. Patients were then dichotomized into high and low LLPS score groups based on the optimal cut-off point determined by the “maxstat.test” function.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:41235230", "locator": "sections[15] \"Construction of prognostic models\" paragraph 2", "quote": "We quantified the LLPS enrichment score for each patient using the GSVA algorithm based on their peripheral blood transcriptome data. 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The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/ Supplementary Material ."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Patients with high LLPS scores had significantly better overall survival than patients with low LLPS scores (p=0.046).", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 0.046, "unit": "p-value", "tolerance": null, "source": "Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival rate (OS) of patients in the high LLPS score group was significantly better than that in the low LLPS group (p=0.046, Figure 3A ), and the expression level of MYL12A in neutrophils in this group was significantly increased ( Figure 3B )."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:41235230", "locator": "sections[20] \"LLPS score has clinical prognostic value, and a high LLPS score is associated with better overall survival\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival rate (OS) of patients in the high LLPS score group was significantly better than that in the low LLPS group (p=0.046, Figure 3A ), and the expression level of MYL12A in neutrophils in this group was significantly increased ( Figure 3B )."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Patients with high LLPS scores had significantly better overall survival than patients with low LLPS scores (p=0.046).", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:41235230"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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Patients were then dichotomized into high and low LLPS score groups based on the optimal cut-off point determined by the “maxstat.test” function."}}, {"id": "method-2", "family": "group_comparison", "specific": "wilcoxon", "label": "Group comparison", "dsl_operations": [], "missing_operations": ["group_comparison_wilcoxon"], "expressible": false, "parameters": {"p_value": "endently calculated the p-value of each protein, and FD"}, "data_shapes": ["two_or_more_groups_continuous"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "Wilcoxon"}}, {"id": "method-3", "family": "group_comparison", "specific": "anova", "label": "Group comparison", "dsl_operations": ["group_summary", "welch_t", "bootstrap_mean_difference", "group_comparison_anova"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["two_or_more_groups_continuous"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "ANOVA"}}], "targets": [{"id": "target-published-estimate", "claim_id": "claim-target-result", "operation": "bootstrap_mean_difference", "expected_value": 0.046, "unit": "p-value", "tolerance": null, "state": "complete", "note": "The threshold the paper applied to its own result, as the paper states it. 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The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE32707", "GSE76293", "GSE157789"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE32707", "GSE76293", "GSE157789"], "statements": ["The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/ Supplementary Material ."], "basis": "The paper names GSE32707, GSE76293, GSE157789 in GEO and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["survival_km"], "assets": ["source:pmid:41235230", "data:geo:GSE157789"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE157789"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T20:05:59Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 13905, "completion_tokens": 2503, "cached_tokens": 264}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:41235230", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:41235230"}, {"id": "source:pmid:41235230", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 41235230 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE157789", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE157789"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:41235230", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:41235230"}, {"id": "source:pmid:41235230", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 41235230 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE157789", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE157789"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-41235230", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:41235230"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE157789", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE157789"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:41235230", "parent_hash": "sha256:e5b531842e1e06b1307dde090278820a82ec9ea890771f870a52f0c5f32c3a69", "fork_of": null, "generation": 2}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE157789 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE157789 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE32707 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE32707 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE76293 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE76293 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.reader_differs_from_extractor", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "mass_spectrometry", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["(fMLP) -stimulated neutrophils, followed by proteomic identification of droplet-associated protein", "ential expression and enrichment analysis of mass spectrometry In the mass spectrometry differential expres", "ichment analysis of mass spectrometry In the mass spectrometry differential expression analysis, we preproc"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1372", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "ihc", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.93, "evidence": ["unction was experimentally confirmed through immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and complementary functio"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1713", "id": "assay:2"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "western_blot", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.93, "evidence": ["ntally confirmed through immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and complementary functional assays. Result"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1733", "id": "assay:3"}, {"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "survival_analysis", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["survival_km"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 1.0, "evidence": ["We quantified the LLPS enrichment score for each patient using the GSVA algorithm based on their peripheral blood transcriptome data. Patients were then dichotomized into high and low LLPS score groups based on the optimal cut-off point determined by the “maxstat.test” function."], "order_basis": "consumes_earlier_output", "id": "assay:4"}]}