Identification of Potential Ferroptosis Biomarkers in Multiple Myeloma via WGCNA and Experiments.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:41457818", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:55a1e4f6ea52357bfe26daf0c80915079f868d3768445ec8a51d88786290a214", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:31:26Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:15:13Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification of Potential Ferroptosis Biomarkers in Multiple Myeloma via WGCNA and Experiments.", "doi": "10.1002/cnr2.70446", "pmid": "41457818", "authors": ["Yifan Wang", "Xing Xie", "Mengyuan Gu", "Yanting Zheng", "Jing Wu", "Qicai Wang", "Zhian Ling", "Ruolin Li"], "journal": "Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)", "year": 2026, "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: Multiple myeloma is a common malignant tumor of the hematologic system, and genetic alterations play a crucial role in its occurrence and development. Ferroptosis is an oxidative and iron-dependent programmed cell death, which has a strong correlation with tumor development. This study aimed to identify potential diagnostic ferroptosis-related genes of MM.\nMETHODS: MM datasets were screened from the GEO database using publicly available transcriptomic data. Ferroptosis-related hub genes were identified through enrichment analysis, WGCNA, and machine learning algorithms. ROC curves, boxplots, RT-qPCR, and ELISA were conducted to validate the expression levels of these hub genes.\nRESULTS: A total of 178 ferroptosis-related DEGs were identified, including 114 up-regulated genes and 64 down-regulated genes. Enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were primarily associated with stress, autophagy, and metabolism. According to the WGCNA, the brown module has the highest correlation with clinical symptoms, containing 1141 DEGs. Combining with the identified ferroptosis-related DEGs, two hub genes of CDKN1A and BCAT2 were identified by multiple bioinformatics techniques of LASSO, SVM, and Random Forest. ROC curves demonstrated strong diagnostic values in CDKN1A (test set, AUC = 0.881; validation set, AUC = 0.705) and BCAT2 (test set, AUC = 0.808; validation set, AUC = 0.756). RT-qPCR confirmed that the mRNA expression levels of CDKN1A and BCAT2 in three MM cells (RPMI 8226, WT-U266, and LP-1) were both significantly higher than the control HMy2.CIR cell line (p < 0.05). ELISA quantification revealed significantly elevated relative expression of CDKN1A protein in the MM cohort compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01), but the protein expression of BCAT2 exhibited comparable levels (p > 0.05).\nCONCLUSION: Our results suggest that CDKN1A and BCAT2 are potential ferroptosis-related biomarkers for MM. This may help understand the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of MM.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Also, ROC curves were utilized to verify the dependability of hub genes in validation dataset [24].", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:41457818", "locator": "sections[9] \"Verification and Analysis of Hub Genes\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Also, ROC curves were utilized to verify the dependability of hub genes in validation dataset [24]."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The data presented in this study are openly available in Gene Expression Omnibus (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/), reference number [GSE5900, GSE6477 and GSE146649].", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:41457818", "locator": "sections[28] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The data presented in this study are openly available in Gene Expression Omnibus (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/), reference number [GSE5900, GSE6477 and GSE146649]."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "ROC curves demonstrated strong diagnostic values in CDKN1A (test set, AUC = 0.881; validation set, AUC = 0.705) and BCAT2 (test set, AUC = 0.808; validation set, AUC = 0.756).", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:41457818", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "ROC curves demonstrated strong diagnostic values in CDKN1A (test set, AUC = 0.881; validation set, AUC = 0.705) and BCAT2 (test set, AUC = 0.808; validation set, AUC = 0.756)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": "ROC curves demonstrated strong diagnostic values in CDKN1A (test set, AUC = 0.881; validation set, AUC = 0.705) and BCAT2 (test set, AUC = 0.808; validation set, AUC = 0.756).", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:41457818"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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