Drug Repurposing for Frozen Shoulder; a Bioinformatics Meta-Analysis.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:41509602", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:d40a452369520b564cdd51c85deed83e1c2161e4426926e1fe657f93f237f2ff", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:31:29Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:57:43Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Drug Repurposing for Frozen Shoulder; a Bioinformatics Meta-Analysis.", "doi": "10.22038/ABJS.2025.78385.3609", "pmid": "41509602", "authors": ["Yashar Shahbaz", "Taimoor Ali", "Atieh Nouralishahi", "Kazem Ansari", "Salwa Usman", "Syed Mohammad Mohtashim", "Mohammad Zarenezhad", "Lohrasb Taheri", "Shahram Shafa", "Mansoor Deilami"], "journal": "The archives of bone and joint surgery", "year": 2025, "abstract": "Objectives: Adhesive capsulitis (AC), commonly known as frozen shoulder (FS), is characterized by glenohumeral joint capsule contraction, resulting in pain, stiffness, and dysfunction. Genetic factors have been implicated in the etiology of AC, prompting a bioinformatics investigation to explore potential therapeutic targets.\nMethods: A systematic review of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets was conducted using keywords related to Frozen Shoulder and Adhesive Capsulitis. The gene expression profiles from GSE238052, GSE190023, and GSE140731 were analyzed using the i-DEP package. Differential gene expression analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichments, and drug-gene enrichments were performed through biclustering of GO pathways with the Drug.GeneSet database and dpGSEA Python application.\nResults: Among 58,825 genes in 67 samples, 1,036 upregulated and 378 downregulated genes were identified in the case-control comparison. Upregulated pathways included skeletal muscle adaptation, fiber transition, myofibril assembly, and regulation of muscle fiber development. Drug.GeneSet database analysis highlighted adenosine and its derivatives as potential therapeutic targets. Further dpGSEA analysis revealed a significant influence of adenosine on the disease.\nConclusion: This study provides information about the genomic landscape of adhesive capsulitis, identifying potential therapeutic avenues centered around adenosine-related interventions. While topical or intra-articular injection of adenosine is evident in the literature, this finding should be validated through experimental studies.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "In the analysis conducted using the DESeq2 method with a FDR cutoff of 0.1 and a minimum fold-change threshold of 2, the threshold-based Wald test results revealed significant differences in gene expression between the case and control groups.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:41509602", "locator": "sections[6] \"Results\" paragraph 6", "quote": "In the analysis conducted using the DESeq2 method with a FDR cutoff of 0.1 and a minimum fold-change threshold of 2, the threshold-based Wald test results revealed significant differences in gene expression between the case and control groups."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The gene expression profiles from GSE238052, GSE190023, and GSE140731 were analyzed using the i-DEP package.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:41509602", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The gene expression profiles from GSE238052, GSE190023, and GSE140731 were analyzed using the i-DEP package."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The case-control comparison identified 1,036 upregulated genes and 378 downregulated genes.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:41509602", "locator": "sections[6] \"Results\" paragraph 6", "quote": "Specifically, 1,036 genes were identified as upregulated, while 378 genes were found to be downregulated in the case-control comparison [Figure 2]."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "The case-control comparison identified 1,036 upregulated genes and 378 downregulated genes.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:41509602"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE140731"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE140731"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:41509602", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.22038/ABJS.2025.78385.3609", "sha256": 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