Discrimination of Tilletia controversa from the T. caries/T. laevis complex by MALDI-TOF MS analysis of teliospores.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:35037998", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:1a7e5343b1fa952240dce3ef18979049bf2a6b057610a55c66cb9f7d175936e2", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:36:46Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:27:00Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Discrimination of Tilletia controversa from the T. caries/T. laevis complex by MALDI-TOF MS analysis of teliospores.", "doi": "10.1007/s00253-021-11757-2", "pmid": "35037998", "authors": ["Monika K Forster", "Somayyeh Sedaghatjoo", "Wolfgang Maier", "Berta Killermann", "Ludwig Niessen"], "journal": "Applied microbiology and biotechnology", "year": 2022, "abstract": "The fungal genus Tilletia includes a large number of plant pathogens of Poaceae. Only a few of those cause bunt of wheat, but these species can lead to significant yield losses in crop production worldwide. Due to quarantine regulations and specific disease control using appropriate seed treatments for the different disease agents, it is of high importance to distinguish Tilletia caries and Tilletia laevis as causal agents of common bunt accurately from Tilletia controversa, the causal agent of the dwarf bunt. Several studies have shown that matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a useful tool to differentiate closely related fungal species. The aim of this study was to assess whether MALDI-TOF MS analysis is able to distinguish specimens of the three closely related pathogens T. caries, T. laevis, and T. controversa and whether it may constitute an alternative method to the morphology-based identification or germination tests. Spectral data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD030401. Spectra-based hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) of the obtained mass spectra showed two main clusters. One cluster included specimens of T. controversa, whereas the second cluster comprised T. laevis and T. caries specimens. Even though main spectral profiles (MSPs) for species identification are missing, MALDI-TOF MS has proven to be a useful method for distinguishing between T. controversa and the two causal agents of common bunt, using direct analysis of teliospores, but was unable to separate T. caries and T. laevis species. KEY POINTS: • MALDI-TOF MS was developed to classify Tilletia species causing bunt of wheat. • Best results were achieved when combining HCA and DAPC analysis. • The method resulted in an accuracy of 98.51% testing 67 Tilletia specimens.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "To determine the final species classification by MALDI-TOF MS, the results of both HCA and DAPC approaches were combined.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35037998", "locator": "sections[9] \"Classification and accuracy of species discrimination by the developed MALDI-TOF MS method\" paragraph 2", "quote": "To determine the final species classification by MALDI-TOF MS, the results of both HCA and DAPC approaches were combined."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Data availabilityAll specimens analyzed during the current study are stored and are available at the official seed testing laboratory of the Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (Freising, Germany) as well as at the Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI) – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (Braunschweig, Germany). Samples numbered 31–38, 41–47, and 64–69 were supplied by USDA (Agricultural Research Service—U.S. Department of Agriculture) and are available upon request. The mass spectrometry proteomics data are available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium home page under http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/cgi/GetDataset with the dataset identifier PXD030401.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35037998", "locator": "sections[27] \"notes\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Data availabilityAll specimens analyzed during the current study are stored and are available at the official seed testing laboratory of the Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (Freising, Germany) as well as at the Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI) – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (Braunschweig, Germany). Samples numbered 31–38, 41–47, and 64–69 were supplied by USDA (Agricultural Research Service—U.S. Department of Agriculture) and are available upon request. The mass spectrometry proteomics data are available at the ProteomeXchange Consortium home page under http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/cgi/GetDataset with the dataset identifier PXD030401."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "MALDI-TOF MS using combined HCA and DAPC analysis distinguished T. controversa from T. caries and T. laevis with 98.51% accuracy across 67 specimens, but it did not separate T. caries from T. laevis.", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 98.51, "unit": "per cent", "tolerance": null, "source": "The method resulted in an accuracy of 98.51% testing 67 Tilletia specimens."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35037998", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Spectra-based hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) of the obtained mass spectra showed two main clusters."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:35037998", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "One cluster included specimens of T. controversa, whereas the second cluster comprised T. laevis and T. caries specimens."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:35037998", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 4", "quote": "The method resulted in an accuracy of 98.51% testing 67 Tilletia specimens."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:35037998", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "MALDI-TOF MS has proven to be a useful method for distinguishing between T. controversa and the two causal agents of common bunt, using direct analysis of teliospores, but was unable to separate T. caries and T. laevis species."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "MALDI-TOF MS using combined HCA and DAPC analysis distinguished T. controversa from T. caries and T. laevis with 98.51% accuracy across 67 specimens, but it did not separate T. caries from T. laevis.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35037998"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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