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pmid:39816229

An 11-gene glycosyltransferases-related model for the prognosis of patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma: development and validation based on TCGA and GEO datasets.

Weiping Li · Kangwei Zuo · Qi Zhao · Chenhao Guo · Zirong Liu · Cheng Liu · Suoshi Jing

Translational andrology and urology · 2024 doi:10.21037/tau-2024-632

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title
An 11-gene glycosyltransferases-related model for the prognosis of patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma: development and validation based on TCGA and GEO datasets.
doi
10.21037/tau-2024-632
pmid
39816229
authors array · 7 items
[0]
Weiping Li
[1]
Kangwei Zuo
[2]
Qi Zhao
[3]
Chenhao Guo
[4]
Zirong Liu
[5]
Cheng Liu
[6]
Suoshi Jing
journal
Translational andrology and urology
year
2024
abstract
Background: Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is a highly heterogeneous cancer with a wide range of prognoses, ranging from low-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which has a good prognosis but a high recurrence rate, to high-grade muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), which has a poor prognosis. Glycosylation dysregulation plays a significant role in cancer development. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of glycosyltransferases (GT)-related genes in the prognosis of BLCA and to develop a prognostic model based on these genes to predict overall survival (OS) and assess its clinical application. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-BLCA dataset, comprising 411 tumor and 19 normal samples. The validation set, GSE13507 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, included 165 primary bladder cancer samples with survival data. Differentially expressed GT-related genes (DEGRGs) in BLCA were identified in the training set. Predictive DEGRGs were used to construct risk score models by univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression. The predictive value of the models was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in the training and validation sets. A nomogram was developed and its performance was evaluated with calibration curves. In addition, the relationship between the risk score and the tumor immune microenvironment was explored, and tumor immune dysfunction score (TIDE) and immune signature scores were used to predict the response to immunotherapy in BLCA patients. Results: Thirty-three DEGRGs were identified in the comparison of BLCA patients with control samples. A risk score model was constructed based on 11 of these genes (GYS2, GALNTL6, GLT8D2, PYGB, B3GALNT2, GALNT15, ST6GALNAC3, ST8SIA6, CHPF, ALG9 and B3GALT2). The model performed well in predicting 3-, 5-, and 7-year overall survival (OS), with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.65, 0.67, and 0.68, respectively. In addition, patients in the high-risk group had significantly lower survival than those in the low-risk group, and there were significant differences in immune status between the two groups. Based on age, tumor stage, T stage, and risk score, a Nomogram was constructed to predict the probability of OS, and the results of the calibration curves showed that the model had high predictive accuracy. Further analysis showed that the rejection score and TIDE were higher in the high-risk group, while the GT-related pathway was significantly upregulated in the high-risk group. Conclusions: The 11 GT-related genes identified were associated with OS in BLCA patients, suggesting that the model has potential predictive value. At the same time, further research is needed to explore its role in clinical practice.
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Predictive DEGRGs were used to construct risk score models by univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression.
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Predictive DEGRGs were used to construct risk score models by univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression.
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The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression dataset of BLCA from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-BLCA) was downloaded (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/), including 411 BLCA tumor samples (406 samples with survival information) and 19 normal samples.
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The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression dataset of BLCA from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-BLCA) was downloaded (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/), including 411 BLCA tumor samples (406 samples with survival information) and 19 normal samples.
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The model performed well in predicting 3-, 5-, and 7-year overall survival (OS), with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.65, 0.67, and 0.68, respectively.
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The model performed well in predicting 3-, 5-, and 7-year overall survival (OS), with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.65, 0.67, and 0.68, respectively.
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The model performed well in predicting 3-, 5-, and 7-year overall survival (OS), with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.65, 0.67, and 0.68, respectively.
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asset:data:geo:GSE13507 licence not read
[2]
asset:data:geo:GSE169455 not downloaded
[3]
asset:data:geo:GSE169455 licence not read
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Predictive DEGRGs were used to construct risk score models by univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression.
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evidence object · 3 fields
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Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters
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basis
The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: cox_proportional_hazards.
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basis
The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here.
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[0]
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[0]
The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression dataset of BLCA from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-BLCA) was downloaded (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/), including 411 BLCA tumor samples (406 samples with survival information) and 19 normal samples.
basis
The paper names GSE13507, GSE169455 in Gene Expression Omnibus and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read.
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[1]
data:geo:GSE13507
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GEO GSE13507
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PMID 39816229 full text
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GEO GSE13507
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[0]
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agent:corpus-assay-engine
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asset:data:geo:GSE13507 licence not read
[1]
asset:data:geo:GSE13507 not downloaded
[2]
asset:data:geo:GSE169455 licence not read
[3]
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[4]
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[6]
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Predictive DEGRGs were used to construct risk score models by univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression.
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{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:39816229", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:a6e86fd2c35b26ea5c71bec41eb90118bbb2c4ca95aa36ae79a9bbcbd95cbb9e", "created_at": "2026-11-01T20:30:07Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:13:32Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "An 11-gene glycosyltransferases-related model for the prognosis of patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma: development and validation based on TCGA and GEO datasets.", "doi": "10.21037/tau-2024-632", "pmid": "39816229", "authors": ["Weiping Li", "Kangwei Zuo", "Qi Zhao", "Chenhao Guo", "Zirong Liu", "Cheng Liu", "Suoshi Jing"], "journal": "Translational andrology and urology", "year": 2024, "abstract": "Background: Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is a highly heterogeneous cancer with a wide range of prognoses, ranging from low-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which has a good prognosis but a high recurrence rate, to high-grade muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), which has a poor prognosis. Glycosylation dysregulation plays a significant role in cancer development. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of glycosyltransferases (GT)-related genes in the prognosis of BLCA and to develop a prognostic model based on these genes to predict overall survival (OS) and assess its clinical application.\nMethods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-BLCA dataset, comprising 411 tumor and 19 normal samples. The validation set, GSE13507 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, included 165 primary bladder cancer samples with survival data. Differentially expressed GT-related genes (DEGRGs) in BLCA were identified in the training set. Predictive DEGRGs were used to construct risk score models by univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression. The predictive value of the models was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in the training and validation sets. A nomogram was developed and its performance was evaluated with calibration curves. In addition, the relationship between the risk score and the tumor immune microenvironment was explored, and tumor immune dysfunction score (TIDE) and immune signature scores were used to predict the response to immunotherapy in BLCA patients.\nResults: Thirty-three DEGRGs were identified in the comparison of BLCA patients with control samples. A risk score model was constructed based on 11 of these genes (GYS2, GALNTL6, GLT8D2, PYGB, B3GALNT2, GALNT15, ST6GALNAC3, ST8SIA6, CHPF, ALG9 and B3GALT2). The model performed well in predicting 3-, 5-, and 7-year overall survival (OS), with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.65, 0.67, and 0.68, respectively. In addition, patients in the high-risk group had significantly lower survival than those in the low-risk group, and there were significant differences in immune status between the two groups. Based on age, tumor stage, T stage, and risk score, a Nomogram was constructed to predict the probability of OS, and the results of the calibration curves showed that the model had high predictive accuracy. Further analysis showed that the rejection score and TIDE were higher in the high-risk group, while the GT-related pathway was significantly upregulated in the high-risk group.\nConclusions: The 11 GT-related genes identified were associated with OS in BLCA patients, suggesting that the model has potential predictive value. At the same time, further research is needed to explore its role in clinical practice.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Predictive DEGRGs were used to construct risk score models by univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39816229", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Predictive DEGRGs were used to construct risk score models by univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression dataset of BLCA from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-BLCA) was downloaded (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/), including 411 BLCA tumor samples (406 samples with survival information) and 19 normal samples.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39816229", "locator": "sections[4] \"Data source\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression dataset of BLCA from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-BLCA) was downloaded (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/), including 411 BLCA tumor samples (406 samples with survival information) and 19 normal samples."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The model performed well in predicting 3-, 5-, and 7-year overall survival (OS), with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.65, 0.67, and 0.68, respectively.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:39816229", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "The model performed well in predicting 3-, 5-, and 7-year overall survival (OS), with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.65, 0.67, and 0.68, respectively."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "The model performed well in predicting 3-, 5-, and 7-year overall survival (OS), with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.65, 0.67, and 0.68, respectively.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:39816229"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE13507"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE13507"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:39816229", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-2024-632", "sha256": 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"title": "Predective Value of Prognosis-Related Gene Expression Study in Primary Bladder Cancer", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:54Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE169455", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE169455", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE169455", "version": null, "note": "The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression dataset of BLCA from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-BLCA) was downloaded (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/), including 411 BLCA tumor samples (406 samples with survival information) and 19 normal samples.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The messenger RNA 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